Media regs Free Essays

In spite of the fact that opportunity of the press is ensured and ensured by the First Amendment, there have for all intents and purposes consistently been laws constraining and characterizing that freedom.â These limits originate from English customary law in regards to slander and criticism and from the endeavors of the United States government to stay aware of regularly changing current occasions. The underlying limitations on the opportunity of the press were just with respect to slander and criticism. We will compose a custom article test on Media regs or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now These ideas, dating to before the appropriation of the American Constitution, were acquired limitation of the opportunity of the press. At last however, in American law in any event, they  come down to a particular guard. It’s not criticism or maligning on the off chance that it is valid. Criticism laws necessitate that the casualty be recognized, that the thing being composed harms them according to a noteworthy minority and that the allegation not be valid. Under American law, truth is a definitive criticism resistance. Notwithstanding, the American court framework has likewise since quite a while ago held that the opportunity doesn't stretch out to the press the option to intentionally and with malignance hurt an individual or gathering by revealing fiction.â If the issue being accounted for is valid, at that point there is no slander. This contrasts from different nations around the globe, including Australia, where criticism just includes harming another person’s notoriety and the case can be made whether the realities in proof help the allegations made. The significant differentiations of American defamation law in lie in ID and the idea of a huge minority.â In the part, American courts have decided that distinguishing proof doesn't really mean by name. Distinguishing proof can be suggested, with the goal that a critical number of individuals can make sense of who the individual is that is being talked about or it tends to be as an individual from a gathering. For instance, regardless of whether Bob Jones is never distinguished by name as an individual from the library board, he is a piece of that gathering. On the off chance that the press, at that point blames all library board individuals for being charge cheats, and Jones isn't, at that point he has been slandered as a component of a recognizable gathering. The other intriguing admonition of the law and the organization of slander law is that the casualty should just demonstrate that their notoriety was harmed inside a noteworthy minority.  This wording surrenders a lot over to the caution of the court, both in figuring out what is a noteworthy minority and when that minority may accept the things that are distributed about a person. Eventually however, all news coverage understudies in the U.S. are encouraged that reality is a definitive barrier. On the off chance that the issue being accounted for is valid, there is no defamation. Further confining the opportunity of the press is the idea of criticism of character.â This is the rule under which most claims against newspaper magazines were brought before the more current move to blame them for intrusion of security. Slander necessitates that an individual endure real harm because of the affront to their notoriety, for example the passing of a vocation, relationship or some unmistakable resource. Slander simples necessitates that an individual was harmed by the misrepresentations expressed or expounded on them. This was great until 1964 when the Supreme Court decided that open people, legislators and other people who win their living by means of being in the spotlight, could possibly sue for maligning when they could demonstrate real malevolence. This implied except if the open figure, say the president, for instance, could demonstrate that the news association composed bogus stories intentionally for the sole motivation behind hurting him, he would reserve no option to sue. On the off chance that the story was valid, at that point he unquestionably had no grounds to remain on. In 1798, the U.S. Congress further limited the opportunity of the press with the Sedition Act of 1798. The dissidence demonstration stated, in addition to other things, that any â€Å"false, shocking or malignant writings† that carry harm to the U.S. Congress, the President, or any part of the legislature were illicit (Wisconsin Journalism 2005). The laws in regards to rebellious defamation were utilized to shield the press from censuring the legislature and to confine the opportunity of the press. Besides, the legislature has consistently wanted to manage â€Å"adult content† in print and has as of late additionally confined the kinds of publicizing permitted in some type of media. Be that as it may, with the approach of and development of radio and TV, the U.S. government decided it important to make a totally new arm of the legislature to direct the media, the Federal Communications Commission. The FCC was started as a methods for controlling the wireless transmissions with a ton of grand objectives set up. Purportedly, there was a worry about air space. The recurrence the communicate media was utilizing must be allotted with the goal that radio broadcasts were not stepping on each other’s signals, keeping anybody from accepting clear gathering. Moreover, by managing the size and intensity of the communicate tower, the FCC guaranteed it was forestalling the rcih stations from ruling the wireless transmissions with might rather than ability or want. The arrangement at that point, was to build rivalry by ensuring than everybody was on a level playing field. As time advanced, the FCC additionally stressed over the impact that the communicate media held and introduced impediments on the quantity of TV channels and radio broadcasts that could be constrained by a solitary organization or individual. The thought was to again advance rivalry and keep one group from having better command over the data available than the normal citizen.â In further help of this, in 1949, the FCC organized the Fairness Doctrine, a standard that said if a communicate media gave a particular measure of time aside of an issue, it was required to give a similar measure of time to the opposite side. This was done hypothetically to advance reasonable and adjusted detailing of issues so people in general could settle on educated choice with respect to policy centered issues, as opposed to being totally affected by hearing just one side of an issue. Paid promoting was absolved, then again, actually the media needed to charge a similar cost to anything individual desired to purchase publicizing space as opposed to offering uncommon arrangements to the side of an issue upheld by the article staff of the station. The decency teaching was later pulled back as pointless, yet there have been a few endeavors as of late to bring it back. To a great extent, these endeavors come as tirades against conservative talk radio, saying that in light of the fact that the television show hows don't present reasonable and adjusted detailing of the issues, the stations which air them ought to be compelled to offer a show with an antithesis. Rivals of this contend free market rivalry has made the traditional television shows beneficial and that business, not governmental issues, has directed the substance of most communicate stations. On account of the varying accessibility of communicate TV and radio, the FCC has additionally felt progressively alright with limiting the kinds of publicizing that these stations may acknowledge and when they may air it.â The FCC prohibited some liquor plugs and all cigarette promoting from the communicate media trying to administer a more beneficial nation. Defenders of the limitations state that producers were unreasonably utilizing the mental effect of broadcasting to impact individuals of an improper age range to drink or smoke. Further limitations have run the gamit from requiring liquor makers to urge mindful drinking to driving tobacco organizations to reevaluate and overhaul trademark logos. To put it plainly, the FCC has attempted to manage the communicated media at any turn that it shows up the American open is probably going to acknowledge. They have had the option to do this by separating between the press and the broad communications when it suits them. Also, the FCC has attempted to manage the print media too, from suing Hustler for its distribution of erotic entertainment to making and administering joint working understandings between significant metropolitan papers, constraining the papers, when claimed by a similar organization, to keep up isolated publication sheets to safeguard the presence of rivalry and decent variety in news. The FCC has additionally attempted to direct considerably progressively current media structures with assaults on the web and endeavors to control how Americans get to the overall web.â This over guideline has prompted a reaction with numerous individuals accepting that the business should be de-controlled and the FCC in a tricky position. As of late it has fined communicated systems for the language and conduct of stun athletes, for â€Å"wardrobe malfunctions† at the Super Bowl, and for language utilized during prime time TV. In any case, an inexorably media keen country is requesting that they ease off. Indeed, a few people were insulted with seeing Janet Jackson’s bosom in when individuals accepted the programming to be â€Å"family-friendly†, and yet, individuals are likewise approaching the outraged to direct themselves and mood killer the projects they discover hostile. Numerous individuals no longer trust in the government’s right or need to ensure individuals. All things considered, what technically knowledgeable kid can’t discover his approach to significantly more needless locales on the web? The unwinding of the guidelines on the communicate media is long overdue.â The communicated media has been ham hung for quite a long time by the overregulation by the FCC. It has endured undue limitations and made to contend with satellite TV which didn't experience the ill effects of a similar kind of limitations. They have been exposed to the impulses of the FCC and have had confined publicizing incomes because of FCC guidelines. Actually Americans are educated enough currently to confine themselves. In the event that they need to shield their families from survey in fitting materials, they can do so through parental controls or a v-chip.â It ought not be the government’s

Medicine and Health National Health Services (NHS) England

Question: Portray about the Essay for Medicine and Health of National Health Services (NHS) England? Answer: The National Health Services (NHS) England is the freely subsidized arrangement of social insurance. It is in a general sense subsidized by the general tax collection framework, and the Department of Health gives medicinal services administrations to all inhabitants of the United Kingdom (2). Drug stores are a significant piece of social insurance administrations, and there are 10475 network drug stores in England according to the report of 2009. Absolute financing in 2010-2011 for network drug store was 2.49 billion pounds. Out of this 0.5 billion was the benefit of drug stores as revealed by the Department of Health (3). Network drug stores offer important types of assistance, similar to removal of medications, wellbeing advancement, administering, way of life exhortation, support for self-care, and coordinating to different administrations. A drug store additionally offers propelled types of assistance as long as the premises and the working drug specialist are certify. With regar ds to the unfavorable financing situation in present occasions, there is a need to take up activities for improving and continuing patient administrations (4). With this part of the importance of drug stores in network medicinal services and antagonistic financing circumstances, the current composing is the exhortation to the Director General of the NHS that includes the approaches to prepare network drug stores. The quantity of drug stores has ascended to 11,600 drug stores in England in the year 2015. 1 billion remedies are apportioned in drug stores each year. Out of these drug stores, 48% are chain retailers with 100 or more stores, 39% are free drug stores, and 13% are bind retailers having 6 to 99 stores (6). According to the ongoing reports, the service is about the cut subsidizing of drug stores so as to lessen the quantity of drug stores. The drug stores have been depending on the NHS for their larger part salary. The service intends to force a 170 million pound cut for high road stores in October 2016. This choice is absolutely limited and can possibly deny most of the powerless patients who are in the need of believed wellbeing administrations. In any case, the administration negates that the quantity of drug stores has developed in an improper way, and there is no extra advantages of this immense number of drug stores. This prompts the choice that around 2000 drug stores can be sh ut during a spending decrease in this year. The United Kingdom is at a significant point where NHS is creating. This draws the consideration of the concerned power to address the issues looked in ongoing medicinal services situation. The NHS needs suggestions to assemble network drug stores (5). The principal angle that will be referenced in such manner is that drug store must be at the core of the NHS. There lies genuine potential for more noteworthy utilization of network drug store in supporting solid living and counteraction of sick wellbeing. For having attractive drug store rehearses, there is a need to have clinically centered administrations in network drug store. This will offer help to the weight on general doctors and crisis divisions. It will likewise guarantee that there is an ideal utilization of medications, better patient results and better worth. Seven-day human services would be conveyed as such (7). One great methodology is include clinical drug specialists as a rule doctor rehearses. This will advance drug specialists and drug stores for the time being. This must be taken further, and drug store must be carried nearer to the more extensive essential consideration. Drug specialists are to bring the abilities they need to a greater amount of general practices and should utilize the open doors for improving and ensuring the wellbeing of the average folks. Arrangement must be made with developing models of care. There is a need of having a financing conversation with the network drug store area on the most proficient method to present the best subsidizing for changing network drug stores working in the NHS for carrying clear and particular advantages to the general population (8). Network drug stores must assume its job in conveying the efficiencies required by the legislature to help the necessary profitability and effectiveness. NHS must ensure that the network drug stores that the individuals rely on must keep on flourishing. The NHS must place in more assets to specific drug stores in contrast with others and this respect they should mull over variables like wellbeing needs of the populace and area of the network. The NHS should likewise set up interviews on the best way to suitably drive creative models of making requests of solutions and gather medications discarded. All drug stores must be permitted to approach the productivity set forward by the center point and talked apportioning. Administrative changes would bring down the working expenses and permit the drug stores to give progressively general wellbeing administrations and clinical administrations. Perspectives and assessments of the drug store area are welcome on settling on the most proficient m ethod to help tolerant administrations and productivity by imaginative game plans. Adequacy can be improved without settling on the administration quality. Drug stores must not be in bunches and all networks must approach drug stores. The progressions of enormous scope mechanized administering courses of action would likewise give openings, and it would keep up community while seeking after efficiencies (1). As demonstrated, the financial plan for drug store is going to be decreased. Decrease in financing will happen from 2016. There is a longing to work intimately with the network drug stores to convey excellent consideration to the patients. simultaneously, there is a craving to hold great access to administrations in pharmaceuticals by online administrations and nearby network drug stores. This would bolster the change of present drug store practices to a network drug store that is all the more clinically focussed. This would incorporate with essential consideration. Drug specialists would have an increasingly unmistakable job over the NHS. Openings are to be abused for improving and securing the strength of the individuals. The meeting procedure is an imperative chance to support improvements and educate the choices taken up by the branch of wellbeing. This would shape the job of drug store in NHS in future. The principle would consistently stay to offer advantages to the general pop ulation. References gov.uk. [Internet]. 2016 [cited 24 February 2016]. Accessible from: https://www.gov.uk/government/transfers/framework/transfers/attachment_data/record/486941/letter-psnc.pdf england.nhs.uk. [Internet]. 2016 [cited 24 February 2016]. Accessible from: https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/transfers/2014/11/comm-pharm-better-quality-strong earnest care.pdf Todd A, Copeland A, Husband A, Kasim A, Bambra C. The positive drug store care law: a territory level examination of the connection between network drug store dispersion, urbanity and social hardship in England. BMJ Open. 2014;4(8):e005764-e005764. Earthy colored D, Portlock J, Rutter P, Nazar Z. From people group drug store to sound living drug store: Positive early encounters from Portsmouth, England. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2014;10(1):72-87. Wells K, Thornley T, Boyd M, Boardman H. Perspectives and encounters of network drug specialists and administrator drug specialists with respect to the New Medicine Service in England preceding usage. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2014;10(1):58-71. Lea V, Corlett S, Rodgers R. Designation: an answer for the outstanding burden issue? Perceptions and meetings with network drug specialists in England. Universal Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 2015;. Robson J, Dostal I, Sheik An, Eldridge S, Madurasinghe V, Griffiths C et al. The NHS Health Check in England: an assessment of the initial 4 years. BMJ Open. 2016;6(1):e008840. Marshall M, Bindman A. The Role of Government in Health Care Reform in the United States and England. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2016;176(1):9.

Personal statement for applying master program in Finance

For applying expert program in Finance - Personal Statement Example Fund is a tremendous subject. Similarly as it is uncovered that individual is the crown of creation, the subject of remote trade is the crown of fund. Without the exhaustive information on remote trade, its irregular style of working, information on fund, the board and business world all in all is fragmented. On the off chance that we can contrast the business world with an ensemble, outside trade is the director of the symphony. All other instruments work couple according to the swing of the rod of the conductor. One who knows the subject of remote trade, knows how significant the words like states of mind and swing according to this subject are! I like the subject of remote trade since I am mindful of the importance of the subject with regards to worldwide business. My enthusiasm for stock and speculation goes pair with my interest about the working of the outside business sectors. Ventures are tied in with timing, opportunity and decisions, particularly for purchasing and selling stocks in the national just as the universal markets, one needs to take split-second choices. Frequently I wonder about those stock and money wizards like Warren Buffet who take to the securities exchange simply like fish takes to the sea waters. They appear to work effortlessly, keep quiet and gathered, however they have a steely will and their knowledgeable computations for ventures, either to purchase or sell stocks, are the result of their significant d investigation of the financial exchange and its conduct of the remote trade area. This isn't to state I need to follow their strategies for reacting to the offer market and I surely don't wish t o turn into the subsequent Warren Buffet, however the principal Chang Tu. In other words, I don't prefer to be the adherent, however the pioneer and demonstrate my accreditations. I have the will to develop, with the hypothesis information that I will procure in college, under the capable direction of the individuals from the workforce. I understand that one of the

Secret Facts About Transportation a Global Supply Perspective Essay Topics That Only the Pros Know About

Secret Facts About Transportation a Global Supply Perspective Essay Topics That Only the Pros Know About Such a cost difference may not justify using the faster method of transporting the goods. What's more, the expense of owning a vehicle isn't end yet, folks must cover their auto insurance and there isn't any such cost on public transportation. There are several benefits and pitfalls of transporting goods during an extended distance. Learn the remedy to overcome the transportation issues. Besides offering somewhere to save all of your valuable eBooks, the eBook reader software even offer you a lot of features to be able to boost your eBook reading experience in comparison to the normal paper books. It's possible that you try many means to turn the pages of eBook to enhance your reading experience. It will be useful to truly have a very good eBook reader to be in a position to truly have an excellent reading experience and higher superior eBook display. A superb eBook read er ought to be set up. The Chronicles of Transportation a Global Supply Perspective Essay Topics Many of the most frequently used AbilityOne supplies are offered through GSA Advantage! The expense of product design and packaging is cut too. Contractors are needed to post a catalog of their merchandise and services to GSA Advantage! All our products have the maximum quality, produced locally and are offered for prompt on time shipping. The companies are opting to cut the quantity of miles. If for any reason your order isn't readily available to ship, you won't be charged. The service people on the airport might be there to announce the flight times but they're usually in-audible. Webinar information is offered below. In addition, it's an analysis of frontier studies. Moreover, even though there are some population surveys that provide great insight into the issues at hand, some have become dated and increasingly concerned because there's a long-term and at times fast-cha nging trends in the usage of public transport vehicles. Learn and understand fundamental manufacturing, engineering and superior jargon. At the conclusion of introduction part, there'll be the definition of some essential terms in our study. It was simple that people purchase and sell the products to the people all over the world on account of the web and other communication technologies. Some of us are always in favor of globalization whereas others believe that it isn't great. They are largely dependent on it and it will only create a boost in the country's growth. The globalization supporting group claims that it's something very favorable as a lot of people are made richer through globalization before getting free of their regional cultures. The Benefits of Transportation a Global Supply Perspective Essay Topics Nike Supply Chain Nike has been in a position to be a worldwide player in the business of sports apparel and athlete endorsements because of many distinct face ts that are set out in the way that they manage their company. Public transport are usually employed by students. Transportation offers a whole lot of options to choose according to our budget. It is among the more vital economic activities for a business. But What About Transportation a Global Supply Perspective Essay Topics? In the same way, a qualitative analysis was done employing the point elasticity strategy. Distinct sources use different sort of methods for solving the issue. After thorough research, we've been in a position to compile a list for each and every sort of searches. Keep reading to learn about the most well-known topics in 2013. As an account holder, it's your duty to plan ahead of time and keep tabs on how much has been spent against your limit prior to making the buy. The two of these webinars are meant to help bidders understand the MAS contract process prior to applying for a contract. The expression project as used within this release can refer to a wide range of distinct pursuits and doesn't necessarily have exactly the same meaning as in any government payment transparency reports. Furthermore, the bidder should understand what is going to be required to produce sales once the schedule is awarded, what is going to have to keep the contract, and whether they are ready to expend resources reviewing opportunities and preparing bids. The Fundamentals of Transportation a Global Supply Perspective Essay Topics You Can Learn From Beginning Right Away These types of worries aren't likely to occur if you ride public transportation everyday. The way once the local and national ways things become global all over the world is known as globalization. McDonalds on the international scale is only one case of a food that's causing cultural influence. Takes action thinking about the circumstance, the issues, the essential players, and company landscape. Warehousing cost also needs to be minimized because the provider is maintaini ng just a single facility instead of several locations. The pricelist comprises all supplies and services provided by means of a schedule contractor. An easy, manual system would be suitable for a service contractor with regular labor rates which aren't discounted. Transportation is potentially the most critical part of international supply chains. Contractors can hold several SINs under the exact same contract, provided that the SINs all fall under an identical schedule. Motor vehicles have already turn into the major polluter.

Nursing At The 21st Century - 1347 Words

Nursing in the 21st Century As healthcare moves from the Industrial Age to the Information Age, a new role for nurses as knowledge workers comes in its wake (McGonigle Mastrians, 2015). In his definition of a knowledge worker, O’Grady cited â€Å"that the knowledge worker is someone who synthesizes a broad array of information and knowledge from a wide variety of sources and brings that synthesis to bear on nursing work† (O’Grady Malloch, 2003, para. 2). Thus, a knowledge worker is one who translates and integrates information that would eventually be applied in the context of patient care (O’Grady Malloch, 2003). Nurses, as knowledge workers, therefore, have moved â€Å"from the process and function orientation to that of outcome and evidence-based direction† (O’Grady Malloch, 2015, para. 1). Nurses Are Knowledge Workers. How Does Nursing Move From Measuring The Tasks Completed To Measuring The Final Outcome Of The Patient? As a knowledge worker, a nurse moves from the role of a â€Å"data gatherer, information user, knowledge user, and knowledge builder, respectively† (McGonigle Mastrians, 2015, p. 114). It is in the role of a knowledge user that the nurse starts to take â€Å"notice of the trends in a patient’s clinical data and determines whether the clinical data fall within or outside the normal data range† (p. 114). In measuring the final outcome of the patient as suggested by O’Grady and Malloch (2003) Not only should we empower patients, but also we simply don’tShow MoreRelatedClinical Nursing Practice in the 21st Century Essay1368 Words   |  6 PagesMaryville University | Clinical Theory Practice of the 21st Century | Assignment 4.1 | | Sally Fandek | 9/1/2012 | [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.] | In a world where there is constant change, and individuals are constantly attempting to adapt and cope with these changes, the human experiencesRead MoreEvolution Of Nursing Care Theories In The 21St Century708 Words   |  3 Pagesof the complexities of 21st century medicine is the evolution of nursing care theories in combination with a changing need and expectation of the stakeholder population. Nurses must be advocates and communicators, but must balance these along with an overall philosophy of ethics while still remaining mindful of budgets and the need for the medical institution to be profitable (McCance, 1999). Nursing sensitive indicators reflect the structure, process and outcomes of nursing care, and thus are highlyRead MoreThe Paradigm of 21st Century Nursing: Theories of Caring and Practice2625 Words   |  10 PagesParadigm of 21st Century Nursing One of the complexities of 21st century medicine is the evolution of nursing care theories in combination with a changing need and expectation of the stakeholder population. Nurses must be advocates and communicators, but must balance these along with an overall philosophy of ethics while still remaining mindful of budgets and the need for the medical institution to be profitable. It seems as if these issues comprise a three-part template for nursing: respect forRead MoreThe Nursing Profession Has Gone Through Numerous Transformations Throughout The 21st Century1645 Words   |  7 Pages The nursing profession has gone through numerous transformations throughout the years; dating back to Florence Nightingale. She began the movement of professionalism. This movement marked a time when nurses were eager to get an education and had the opportunity to acquire it through a nursing program (Alligood, 2010). From this movement on, nursing has continued to change at a very rapid pace. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) report describes patient needs and environment being much more complexRead MoreNorth Carolina s Nursing Shortage875 Words   |  4 PagesNorth Carolina’s Nursing Shortage: An Introduction Current internal and external hospital stressors are impacting NCs nursing shortage. With the release of many reports from different sources suggesting a change is needed. Most have been accurate in their projections; however, the struggle continues. 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Perhaps in my opinion mid-range theories with their growing frequency of use are best suited for nursing in the 21st century. Mid-range theories are said to be middle rather than ordinary but they are specific enough to evaluate observed situations (McCurry, Revell, Roy, 2009). There are multiple reasons why mid-range theories offer some of the most up to dateRead MoreA Vision Of Future Of Nursing Professionals1371 Wor ds   |  6 PagesIdentifying Nursing Leadership Priorities Abstract: A vision of future of nursing professionals is the initial action required for enabling nurses in influencing people’s health. Nurses can continue with providing leadership for creating communities which are healthy. Leadership changes dynamically and reflects contexts from which this is exercised. 20th-century models of business enterprise, work, organization, relationships, are undergoing radical change with respect to leadership in 21st century. ThisRead MoreChallenges Facing the Nursing Profession722 Words   |  3 PagesChallenges Facing the Nursing Profession in the 21st Century By: Kerry Z Today there is a national nursing shortage as the healthcare industry rapidly changes. Aging baby boomers mean demands on the healthcare system will only increase in the coming years. Fast forward a few years and we see many challenges ahead for nurses. Our textbook covers issues such as generational differences in an aging workforce with poor prospects for replacementsRead MoreHow Medicine Changed American History1296 Words   |  6 Pagestoday’s society experiences, and what postmodern societies will continue to experience. Over time, the progression of medicine affected American soldiers during times of war, changed how diseases were discovered and treated, and impacted the way 21st century Americans view medicine and medical professionals. As expected, with war comes extensive injuries. During WWI, it took a wounded soldier about 24 hours to travel from the battlefield to a hospital. Many times, the soldiers did not live through

Are We Living A Society That Judges Our Appearances

Are We Living in a Society That Judges Our Appearances? Most women are pressured to look good because the media and society have created an environment that requires women to have beautiful appearances. This has led plastic surgery to become popular as a way to obtain glamorous appearances and a better life. As Jane Megan Northrop stated, many women believe society has required people to have beautiful exteriors to become a likeable person for different societal groups. Northrop points out that historically, physical appearance has always played a major role in social groups. Even children have their ideal body appearances. As the importance of body appearances in society brought attention to the media to have plastic surgery shows,†¦show more content†¦The article Reflecting on Cosmetic Surgery: Body Image, Shame, and Narcissism by Jane Megan Northrop points out that the physical body has always played a major role in society throughout history. This situation has caused cosmetic surgeries to increase rapidly, because people wan t to fit in to obtain a successful life. One of the aspects of society they want to fit in is their social groups. Northrop used Marcel Mauss’s idea to explain how body appearances influence social groups. According to Mauss this process is called â€Å"prestigious imitation† (Northrop). In the article stated â€Å"He argued that understanding such processes could not be achieved by sociological endeavor alone and called for a tripartite approach which incorporated sociology, psychology, and physiology† (Northrop). The use of body techniques or the use of outer materials like clothes to have ideal appearance to associate with different social groups. Mauss used sociology, psychology, and physiology concepts to understand prestigious imitation to see how others are socialize with their social groups. As people observe their society through the media or with their own experiences to see what kind of people are benefited the most. The result of the media is that th e people with good appearances have more fun, are more sociable, are smarter, and have a better life. Their observations lead them to want to have good appearance which can result in the use of plastic surgery. When one personShow MoreRelated Appearance and Acceptance in Frankenstein and the Modern World1351 Words   |  6 PagesAppearance and Acceptance in Frankenstein and the Modern World       One of the main themes in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is the importance of appearance and acceptance in modern society. In todays society, and also in the society of Frankenstein, people judge one often solely on their looks. Social prejudice is often based on looks, whether it be the color of someones skin, the clothes that a person wears, the facial features that one has and even the way one stands. People make snap judgmentsRead MoreFrankenstein: Appearance and Acceptance1412 Words   |  6 PagescenterbReliance on Appearance and Dependency upon Acceptance in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and Todays Modern World./b/center br brOne of the main themes in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is the importance of appearance and acceptance in modern society. In todays society, and also in the society of Frankenstein, people judge one often solely on their looks. Social prejudice is often based on looks, whether it be the color of someones skin, the clothes that a person wears, the facial featuresRead MoreThe House On Mango Street Analysis833 Words   |  4 Pages According to Scottish Proverb, we should â€Å"Not judge by appearances; a rich heart may be under a poor coat,† A principle that every human forgets to follow at one time or another. As a society, humans tend to define each other by the how they look or the items they own which can ruin their self image for life. Sandra Cisneros portrays this idea through her fictional character, Esperanza, and her life experiences growing up poor. The House on Mango Street suggests that those who grow up in brokenRead MoreThe Monster By Walter Dean Myers1554 Words   |  7 Pages Monster The idea of what a monster is and how it pertains to modern day society has fascinated readers and writers for decades. Before taking this class, I was aware of what a monster is and the function it served in today’s society. Furthermore, after taking this class, I am now aware of what a monster truly is, and what really separates a monster from a regular person. The piece of text that I mainly chose to focus on and elaborate closely to demonstrate the aspects of a monster is appropriatelyRead MoreSocial Issues Class And Gender1307 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout our semester together, our Social Issues class has discussed many different aspects of race, class and gender. We have had many opportunities to discuss and share our opinions on different topics and problems we face today. During this course, my outlook on life and other people has changed significantly. The use of projects and papers has further enlightened me to understand the perspective of others. The readings that we have been given each week have proven themselves very beneficialRead MoreFirst Impressions Are Not Last Impressions1608 Words   |  7 Pagesperson, just like you, living their life the best they know how? Our perception of people are largely based on their physical appearance and often the thoughts that enter our minds when we see an individual that has a visual disability are negative and cause us to formulate a disapproving impression about their person as a whole. The question lies in what happens with the initial impression. 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Marijuana as a Subculture free essay sample

A subculture is a group of people who share a distinctive set of cultural beliefs and behaviors that differ in some significant way from that of larger society. Marijuana smokers can be considered a subculture for many reasons. Marijuana is used by millions of people around the world, either for recreational, spiritual, or therapeutic reasons. Some call themselves the cannabis connoisseurs; people who respect cannabis and use it responsibly. Few drugs have been so politicized recently as marijuana has. It is frequently praised by one side and condemned by the other, on the basis of emotional issues rather than an objective view of research. It was 1920 when smoking began to catch on in the United States. Its recreational use was restricted to jazz musicians and people in show business. Reefer songs became the rage of the jazz world. Marijuana clubs, called tea pads, appeared in every major city across the country. Authorities tolerated these establishments because it was not illegal or considered a social threat. In the early sasss marijuana became stereotyped as a violent drug, and by 1936 was illegal in all states. Marijuana research was at a stand still and the thought of it being a violent rug faded and the idea that it was a gateway drug emerged in the late sasss early 1 asss. In the sasss marijuana became very popular among the young college crowd. This was looked at as a challenge to authority and the government. The effects of marijuana are minimal. The high has a feeling of euphoria, peacefulness and well-being. Dehydrogenations (TECH) is the active chemical in marijuana. Its estimated that a person would have to ingest a dose 20,000 to 40,000 times the average dose before death would occur. In the early sasss sophisticated research on marijuana began. The scientists discovered TECH stimulates special receptors in the brain. Researchers have now isolated a natural substance that appears to produce the same effects as TECH in the brain. Recently the medical uses of marijuana are being more and more accepted, and many marijuana smokers wonder how it can be harmful if it helps/treats patients. Marijuana smokers are a subculture because they share sets of beliefs, values, language, and other things that are different from the views of the larger society.They look at things another way because they are pro marijuana, which differs from the rest of society. It is the differences that distinguish part off culture from the rest. They speak the same language as the rest of the culture but they have a different set of definitions for certain words. On every marijuana related website I visited found there was a glossary. All of them were very similar. Some examples of different words contained in the glossary follow. The words high, stoned, blazed, and wasted are all defined as being under the influence of marijuana.Blades, skins, papers, and blunts are all synonyms for the paper used to roll marijuana. Joints and blunts are used to described as rolled marijuana, like a cigarette. The inhalation Of marijuana smoke is called taking a hit, drag, or toke. A bong or bowl is used to smoke marijuana. There are hundreds of different names for marijuana, some of the most popular are: pot, reefer, weed, bud, chronic, ganja, green, grass, Mary Jane, and herb. They also have some symbols that represent things. A very popular one is the marijuana leaf. It can be seen a lot of places such as a bumper sticker or in graffiti. 20 is another common one, it is the number used to represent marijuana or the smoking of it. The best explanation of this is its the California police code for possession of marijuana. Their subculture has a number of beliefs that differ from mainstream society as well. One belief is that marijuana use is increasing rapidly globally and The War on Drugs is a failure. This is one oftener strongest beliefs. They are very correct about both points. The unsuccessful War on Drugs is very costly, and is continuing to keep the tax rate high.A second belief is marijuana must be respected and used responsibly. Many marijuana smokers feel that teenager abuse it because they act so irresponsibly. Another strong belief is that pot is relatively less harmful than alcohol or tobacco. This is true if the facts and tactics are looked at. The last main belief is that marijuana should be decentralized and people should be free to grow and consume it in their own homes. Part of this is true in California, the Only State in which marijuana is decentralized.People are able to smoke marijuana without the legal penalties. Marijuana users have a certain etiquette they follow. Found a list of one hundred six of these, way too many to describe. The first five of these are: 1. Thou shall not turn down a smoke, never, 2. The person who rolls the joint (no matter whose weed it is) gets to spark it and take the iris hits, 3. If someone rolls a nice joint, its good to give the person a compliment on his or her rolling skills, 4. If someone starts hogging the bowl or joint because it is their pot that is definitely not cool, 5.If someone is too uncoordinated to light the bowl or bong they must give control of the lighter to someone able to get it lit. These are their cultures values and unwritten law to be followed. These rules vary throughout the country but remain basically the same. The members of this subculture share certain preferences and habits. The main reason people smoke pot is for the leasing feeling that helps rid them of the daily stress life brings. A man who works as an insurance agent describes this by stating; Smoking marijuana helps me see my life as a continuous whole.It allows me to step back from my daily concerns[] By removing myself temporarily I can see how certain little things are just not as important as I had once thought. This man uses marijuana to unwind from the day. Music also plays a big role in the consumption of marijuana. Smokers claim that music sounds better when they are high. The same with television and movies, they appear clearer and funnier. Social smoking allows for a better understanding of others and often facilitates intimate exchanges. And not to forget about the munchies (which is described in all the glossaries as well. The desire to eat is a direct result Of smoking and may be the closest thing to a universal response to marijuana. These things are particularly common among smokers. The rest of society views the marijuana smoking population in a disapprovingly way. There are a number of anti-drug activists out there tying to push stricter drug laws and end the use of illegal drugs altogether. Society imposed the stereotype that makers are pitheads and believes this to be very true. But the smokers do not want to be associated with the pithead stereotype.They want very much to destroy the connection of marijuana with the tie-dyed, hippy era. Society just assumes smokers are useless, lazy, uneducated bums; which is very inaccurate. There are many hard working people out there that smoke marijuana recreational to relieve stress. First, this cannot be true because there are an inestimable amount of marijuana smokers that successfully keep their habit a secret. These people are able to blend with society, allowing hem to make friends/acquaintances that dont agree with smoking marijuana.People who use marijuana do not look negatively upon the rest of society. They relate and form bonds with the whole culture as normal people would. Marijuana smokers are a subculture for the reasons previously described above. They share a different set of values, beliefs, and etc. From the rest Of society. For example, they have their own terms that describe their practices. They dont mind society but part of society minds them, maybe one day marijuana use wont be as frowned upon. All of these things make marijuana smokers a subculture.

Human Rights And Mental Health Essay Example

Human Rights And Mental Health Essay Ethics are moral values that govern us as individuals and a group on the appropriate conduct in society. Ethics lay down the foundations of how we should live our lives, treat others and ourselves; giving everyone an understanding of what is morally right and wrong in society. Ethics give us a baseline for understanding the concept of right and wrong. Help us to have a ready understanding of how to react to a certain situation before it has happened. As individuals we learn about ethics growing up from our home, school and social interaction. More often than not ethics dont give us a definitive answer to ethical questions, sometimes ethics give multiple choices leaving an individual to choose the correct path to take. In essence they provide us with a system for attempting to come to a morally right decision. Ethics are applied to all aspects of our lives and society, and there are a number of ethical approaches. Medical ethics are ethical models, which are more specific or more applicable to medical situations. Medical ethics have evolved overtime, however the oldest form of medical ethics still in use to day s the Hippocratic Oath, recited still by many graduating Doctors. Hippocrates was a Greek Philosopher and Physician, and the oath has been seen as the basics of medical ethics. (Patient, 2011). Approaches to Medical ethics are many, but commonly include Utilitarianism, Demonology (Kant), (ODL Ethics information pack 2011), and the more modern Four Principles plus scope approach to ethics (BMW, 1994). The Four principles introduces the concepts of Beneficence, Non Maleficent, Autonomy and Justice. BMW, 1994). All medical professions have their own governing bodies, outlining codes of reactive to which they are expected to adhere to. These vary slightly from profession to profession, however the above ethical approaches are over arching guidelines for medical professions in the UK today. For example, Doctors in the UK are governed by the General Medical Council (the GM), who outline the ir codes of practice in the Good Medical Practice (General Medical Council, 2013). Midwives and Nurses are guided by the Nursing and Midwifery Councils (the NC) code of practice, (Nursing midwife Council, 2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Human Rights And Mental Health specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Human Rights And Mental Health specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Human Rights And Mental Health specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Many ethical theories cross over with one another, which is a reflection of how these models have evolved over time. Utilitarianism, aka consequentiality. This ethical theory is based around the principle that the out come Of a decision should have the greatest good for the greatest number (Advanced Nursing Practice Toolkit, 2012). There are two types of Utilitarianism, Rule and Act. Both have their limitations and benefits. Act Utilitarianism has a main goal of desiring the greatest amount of pleasure for the largest majority (ODL Ethics information pack 201 1), however, the consequences of this are not always predictable. This approach does allow for a flexible approach to decision making given the situation. It works on the understanding that consequences are more important than motivation. Rule utilitarianism, does not have the same flexibility. It states that we must abide by the rules of the society / law that we live in. This means that rules / laws take priority and the consequences are governed by this. (ODL Ethics information pack 201 1). To relate Utilitarianism to a general health care context, imagine if the rights of one individual were to be compromised, but the gain were to benefit broader society? This would be an Act Utilitarianism approach. Kant based ethics is also known as Demonology, meaning duty (Seven Pillars institute, n. D). Kant was a Prussian Philosopher, mathematician and scientist in the eighteenth century. He believed we should base our decisions on what is right, using reason and rationality (ODL Ethics information pack 201 1). Demonology is easily compared to Utilitarianism. Demonology respects the rights of individuals and it places values on the desires and wants of individuals (Advance Nursing Practice Toolkit, 2012). It requires a level of reasoning, and an understanding of what and who ones duty is to. With these thoughts in mind, we have the introduction of the concept of Autonomy. Autonomy is the freedom of an individual will (ODL Ethics information pack 2014). Again, to put this into a health care setting, by allowing a patient to act with autonomy allows them to have an opinion about their health care and to be proactively involved in making informed decisions for themselves. This is an interesting point if we are to think about patients in mental health care who may have had, by law some of these rights taken away from them. The Four principles approach is an approach used often in modern healthcare, developed by Beachhead and Childless in 2008 (Advance Nursing Practice Toolkit, 2012). It has four key principles, which are, Beneficence, non maleficent, Autonomy and Justice. Beneficence requires us to do good in our actions. We must seek the best outcome for our patients. This can sometimes however leave us with a conflict between non-maleficent and Autonomy. Non-maleficent means that we must first do no harm. Whether this is to not maim or injure someone, or to not increase the potential harm to someone. If we combined beneficence and non- maleficent, each action must produce more good than harm. Justice, we have an obligation to treat al people equally, fairly and impartially (Theodore Craggy, 2012). It aims to reach a balance of what is deserved to an individual in regards to entitlement and fairness. After looking at Kant approach to ethics, Utilitarianism, and all of the Four Principles, it is easy to see how these have become molded into modern society, but also how they do not give us clear answers as to how to deal with an ethical issue. They do however provide us with guidelines to help one find a balanced, informed decision. Human right first came to recognition internationally by the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (Liberty 80, n. D). Becoming legally recognizable n the LIKE by 2000 when the Human Rights Act 1998 became part of domestic law. (Mind, 2013). From the moment you are born you become subject to Human Rights, every human being inherits these rights regardless of SeX, race, nationality ethnic origin or any other status. These rights are regarded internationally as universal and lay down obligations expected of governments to promote groups or individuals freedoms. (Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2014). The World Health Organization defines mental health as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the aroma stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community(World Health Organization, 2014). Its all about how we think and feel. A mental disorder is defined as any disorder of disability of the mind. There are many potential ethical issues surrounding people with mental health problems. These range from the use of restraints on patients, which often occurs in psychiatric institutions, the degrading and harmful care and treatment of patients as well as unsanitary living conditions. Under the Mental Health Act people in mental health care do not have their sights restricted unless it is for their own protection. The Mental Health Act was introduced for the protection of patients with mental health issues. Enabling them to be detained and treated involuntarily should there be any concern for the safety of themselves or others. (Mental health care, 2013). Patients in mental health care units are sometimes restrained by health care staff. This is particularly controversial topic, due to the not only the degrading nature of face down restraining, but also due to a number of deaths occurring whilst patients are restrained. According to the Mental Health Act patient that has been detained can be restrained providing the caregivers feel the patient is a threat to themselves or others or is necessary for the purpose of treatment. In a recent article in the Guardian, it was reported that in one year almost 40,000 incidents of mental health patients being physically restrained were recorded; over 3000 of these were in the facedown position which according to the charity MIND is potentially a life-threatening position. (The Guardian, 2013). The Northumberland NASH Tone and Wear Foundations said it only used the safest and most proportionate response when patients posed a risk to themselves or others. BBC, 2013). Its report that in 201 2 almost 1000 injuries and 13 deaths were sustained through the use of the face down restraint. Nursing in practice, 2013). The most well documented case of a death occurring due to being held in this face down prone position is that of David Rocky Bennett. There are a number of documented cases of deaths by restraint of mental health patients whilst in custody, but there is no governing body responsible for the investigation of these types of deaths in physicality units (Inquest, 2013). David Bennett was a patient in a Physicality unit in Norfolk and had been buffering with schizophrenia for a number of years. Details taken from a report in the Guardian (The Guardian, 2004), explain that an argument broke out between Mr. Bennett and another patient, resulting in the other patient being punched by Mr. Bennett. The staff decided to move Mr. Bennett to another ward to calm him. This was perceived by Mr. Bennett as a racist decision, and anger and frustration soon built up in Mr. Bennett. A nurse on this second ward told Mr. Bennett that he would be staying on the ward for the night and he hit this nurse three times on the side of the face. This is when the staff stepped in and restrained him. This restraint was in the form of the prone position, and he was initially held by five nurses. An inquest carried out in conjunction with INQUEST, gave a verdict of being due to prolonged restraint and long-term anti- psychotic drug therapy and returned a verdict of Accidental Death aggravated by Neglect on 17 May 2001 (Inquest, 2004). This report goes on to explain that the bruises on Mr. Bonnets body were the result of excessive force having being used, which would not have happened if an approved restraint method had been used. It is indisputable that the preventable death of any individual is shocking and unacceptable. If we look at how medical ethics should be applied to this case, it is clear to see how Act Utilitarianism could be applied, revealing its weaknesses also. Act would say that the consequences are to be of most benefit for the larger number. So Mr. Bennett, who was acting violently, and the staff restringing him, could be justified as they were trying to make the situation safer for more people (patients and staff) than just one individual, IEEE Mr. Bennett. Clearly, as stated earlier, the results of these consequences are sometimes unpredictable and unknown; in this case they were catastrophic. Consequences are seen to be more important than motivation, so if the intended consequence were to calm and control a violent patient, the motivation for this would not be of importance. Rule would expect the laws / rules be followed were the correct procedures followed in restraining Mr. Bennett? The INQUEST inquiry reported that restraint was not carried out in an approved manner. Kant approach, which encompasses patient Autonomy is a little more complicated in application given the mental health setting. It has to be considered who the duty of the staff involved should have been to. If this is applied to Mr. Bennett and considering the notion of what is right and reasonable, he was frustrated and vulnerable, so more care should have been taken in his handling. However, if it is viewed that in the given situation of Mr. Bennett being violent, perhaps the duty was to protect staff and to calm Mr. Bennett for his own safety. From a strictly deontological view, Mr. Bennett opinions and desires should have been taken into account. However, this is where a solely Kant approach is difficult to apply given Mr. Bennett mental health and the apparent violent Outburst. The four principles approach is perhaps easier to see in it s application. Beneficence, to do good and the best for the care of the patient. If it was that Mr. Bennett needed restraining for his own safety, it should still have been carried out in such a way that he was safe and the justification for this act was to benefit him. Non-maleficent, first, do no harm. To apply this, Mr. Bonnets restraint would have been very different, even before it resulted in his death. This harm could be perceived as the mental and emotional effects of being held face down by five nurses, not least the physical effects. Autonomy we have discussed with Cants approach. Lastly, justice. Was a balanced decision made about what was fair to Mr. Bennett? Was he treated equally and with fairness? Justice would perhaps suggest not. After applying different ethical approaches to the controversial topic of face down restraint in mental health care. It clear to see how no one approach will ever give clear cut guidelines. They do however give us a way to make a balanced and rational decision. The very sad case of Mr. Bennett shows how if staff and institutions dont have thorough training, policies and procedures human rights certainly can be infringed. A strong emphasis on the medical ethics and human rights should e ingrained into standard western medicine, but it would seem that within mental health care settings, these are sometimes lacking.

Earth Simulator Essays

Earth Simulator Essays Earth Simulator Essay Earth Simulator Essay Earth Simulator Center Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) Earth Environment System Today’s talk What is the Earth Simulator ? Gift from the Earth Simulator – High resolution simulation Impact – Synoptic scale impact Heat wave †¦ Silk Road Patterns – Cloud resolve-Synoptic scale extreams Typhoon †¦ multi-scale simulations – Climate change projection Global Warming †¦ contribute to IPCC report – Solid earth simulation Earth quark †¦ Wave Propergation forecasting – Aurora arc simulation Toward advanced simulation methodology Next stream in future The Earth Simulator ? Development of ES started in 1997 with the aim of making a comprehensive understanding of global environmental changes such as global warming. ?The Kyoto Protocol was opened for signature on 11th Dec. 1997. ? Developed in Mar. 2002 by STA (MEXT) and NEC with 400 M$ investment. ?Project had been strongly promoted under Dr. Miyoshi’s direction. (Dr. Miyoshi: Passed away in Nov. 2001. ) ? Its construction was completed at the end of February, 2002 . ?The operation started from March 2002 at the Earth Simulator Center in Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). Computenik news in New York TImes , 1st prize in Top 500 from 2002-2004†¦.. (still)14th in Top 500 today. Earth Simulator ’s Impact on Society Mission of the Earth Simulator Projects ENVIRONMENT Protection of lives and properties from natural disasters and environmental destruction INDUSTRY Huge cost reduction in innovative technology development which requires massive investments SCIENCE EARTH SIMULATOR Development of innovative research tools attaching farfrom-equilibrium, nonlinear and open systems HUMAN Paradigm shift to glob al, future-oriented way of thinking Location of Earth Simulator Facilities TokyoEarth Simulator Site The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process NodesTape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor The Earth Simulator Hard Disk Process Nodes Tape Archive System Connection Network Air Conditioning 65m Power Supply 50m Free Access Floor Earth Simulator Building Peak Performance : 40 TFlops Main Memory : 10 TBytes Magnetic Disk Tape : 2. 5 PBytes 640 processor nodes Magnetic Disks Connect Network 65m Power Supply Air-Conditioning Base-Isolation 50m Configuration of the Earth Simulator Peak performance/AP Peak performance/PN Shared memory/PN : 8Gflops : 64Gflops : 16GB Total number of APs : 5120 Total number of PNs : 640 Total peak performance : 40Tflops Total main memory : 10TB Interconnection Network (full crossbar switch) Shared Memory 16GB Arithmetic Processor #1 Arithmetic Processor #7 Arithmetic Processor #0 Shared Memory 16GB Arithmetic Processor #0 Arithmetic Processor #7 Arithmetic Processor #1 Shared Memory 16GB Arithmetic Processor #0 Arithmetic Processor #1 Arithmetic Processor #7 Processor Node #0 Processor Node #1 Processor Node #639 Mass Data Processing System (MDPS): 2. 5PBNetwork System Yokohama Institute-Network Super SINET October, 2004 ES-Network Ferry System FTP MDPS Server MDPS Graphic WS BRAVE Data Handling WS Login Server ES-LAN Earth Simulator Allocation of ES resources for 2006 Strategic Project Earth Science Climate Change Solid Earth Natural Disasters International cooperation Industrial application etc Innovative Project Space and Astrophysics Government Project IPCC Contribution etc Computer Science Next Generation Algorithm Next Generation Architecture Next Generation Programming Language Atomic Energy CFD Application Nano Technology BioChemistry etc International Cooperative Research USASCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Development of high resolution reanalysis data THE CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCH SCIENTIFIQUE (CNRS) THE INSTITUT FRANCAIS DE RECHERCHE POUR LEXPLOITATIOAN DE LA MER (IFREMER) Impact of convective system in equatorial area of ocean RECHERCH PREVISION NUMERIQUE, METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE OF CANADA (PRN/MSC) Ultra high resolution sim ulation of Hurricane Earl ITALIAN AEROSPACE RESEARCH CENTER (CIRA) [emailprotected]@[emailprotected]@[emailprotected]@[emailprotected]@[emailprotected] High resolution weather forecasting in Italia-Alps region A @ A @ A FOR A @ A @ ATMOSPHERIC A @ NERC [emailprotected] A @GLOBAL A @ A @ A @ A @MODELLING (NCAS) METOFFICE, HADLEY CENTRE FOR CLIMATE PREDICTION AND RESEARCH A @ A @ rance [emailprotected] F [emailprotected] Canada [emailprotected]@ Italy [emailprotected] UK USA USA USA [emailprotected] USA NATIONAL ENERGY RESEARCH SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING (NERSC) CENTER AT LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY Estimation of HPC THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Validation and Estimation of High performance Computing Advanced Visualization Method for tera-bite scale data DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY GEOPHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA THE INTERNATIONAL ARCTIC RESEARCH CENTER (IARC) OF THE (DGG/UMN) Advanced Visualization Method for tera-bite scale data UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS Development of advanced polar region odeling A @ A @ A @ A @ A @ INSTITUTE OF HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING [emailprotected] Development of advanced computational methods Singapore [emailprotected]@ [emailprotected] NATIONAL APPLIED RESEARCH LABORATORIES [emailprotected] High resolution weather forecasting modeling Impact of Ultra High Resolution Simulation for Global Atmosphere Global Ocean Typhoon Simulation 300 km vs. 10 km Horizontal resolution: 300 km Horizontal resolution: 10 km Comparison of the Kuroshio Current 100 km vs. 10 km horizontal resolution: 100 km Horizontal resolution: 10 km A Global Atmospheric Circulation Simulation with a horizontal resolution of 10 kmA Global Oceanic Circulation Simulation with a horizontal resolution of 10 km Antarctic Flow Simulation 10km resolution in the horizontal Synoptic scale impact Heat wave †¦ Silk Road Patterns Temperaturedistribution on July 20, 2004 Hydrostatic AGCM:AFES Simulation Observation Japan Meteorological Agency High Pressure developm ent resulting from meandering Westerly Silk Road Pattern Impact of Cloud resolving scale – Synoptic scale Simulation NASA O(1000)km NASA O(1000)km O(100)m NASA O(1000)km O(100)m NASA How strong will be extream under Global Warming ? Cloud Effect and Weather/ClimateCloud Effect and Weather/Climate About 10km O(100)m Cloud Effect and Weather/Climate O(1000)km About 10km O(100)m Cloud Effect and Weather/Climate O(1000)km About 10km O(100)m Not only impact to extream but also to climate change through radiation processes Scientific Gland Challenge Impact of Cloud Scale Weather Synoptic Scale Climate Change Requirements: Long Integration with Ultra High Resolution + Various components e. g. Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction (at least) Multi-Scale Simulator for Geoenvironment (MSSG) Scalability Days Weeks Prediction 1 5km for horizontal 100 vertical layersLocal heavy Rain Prediction, etc. Seasonal Annual Prediction 5-40 km for horizontal, 100 vertical layers Urban Weather /Climate Predi ction 10m 2km for horizontal, 200 vertical layers Data: Geographical Survey Institute 5 Days Forecasting of Typhoon 10 of 2003 MSSG, non-hydrostatic Global Ocean-Atmosphere Coupled Simulation Horizontal resolution km Vertical resolution layers 2. 7 72 Typhoon ETAU Sea Surface Temperature after Typhoon 11 tracking JAXA eorc. nasda. go. jp/imgdata/topics/2005/tp050922. html 2005 Aqua, NASA Sea Surface temperature averaged for 5 days(24th August 28th August)Sea Surface Temperature after Typhoon 11 tracking JAXA eorc. nasda. go. jp/imgdata/topics/2005/tp050922. html 2005 Aqua, NASA Sea Surface temperature averaged for 5 days(24th August 28th August) Rainfall Prediction associated with Typhoon 10 Global with 5. 5 km resolution Observation: Nested with 1. 15 km resolution Global Warming Global Warming Simulation for IPCC AR4 CREAPI (Japan) and NCAR: National Center of Atmospheric Research (USA) A1B 750ppm:const Overshoot B1 550ppm:const ?A1B senario†¦ gradually up ? overshooting se nario gradually down and constantChange of Precipitation in Summer Season under Global Warming Center for Climate System Research (CCSR), University of Tokyo National Institute of Environment System (NIES) Frontier Research System Center (JAMSTEC) increased 2005 70 2075 The number of hot days will be increased decreased After 70 years from now, Averaged precipitation will be increasing. 2. 5 Global averaged temperature will be up of 2. 5 2005 70 2075 Heavy precipitation will be increasing Earthquake Tokyo beneath M7 Earthquake Prof. Furumura ( Univ. Tokyo) Kumagaya Kumagaya Shinjuku 80 80 Kumagay a Shinjuku Shinnjuku 30 30Seismic wave propagation Intensity 100 cm rocky Domain 85km 90km 102km Resolution:50m 6. 3G meshes) Crust sedimentary and rocky CPU hour sedimentary Formation of aurora arcs obtained by simulation from the satellite from the ground ( Sun-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere interaction) SUN Micro-instability Solar Wind m 10 Simulation of Aurora Arc Formation Formation of Doub le Layer the energy spectrum of accelerated precipitating electrons Aurora Arc formation Calculate aurora brightening by oxygen and nitrogen excitation by energized precipitating electrons Magnetic field lines Down-going electrons EarthUp-going electrons Magnetosphere Convection Magnetosphere Convection 100,000,000 m macroscopic scale Streams to the Near Future Mltiscale-Multiphysics Simulations Earth Simulator provides us  »  »  »  »  » First step to Multi-scale/physics simulation Obtained the tool Next perspectives to the future Realistic feelings/motivations by researchers Further advanced simulation Science Impact of Extremes: Typhoon, Hurricane Heavy rain , Draut Atmospheric Dynamics Ocean Heat Content : Climate Change On NEXT Generation Peta-scale Supercomputing System In the Ntional Project promoted by RIKEN Thank you.

Evaluate the contributions of Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois to the Harlem Essay

Evaluate the contributions of Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois to the Harlem Renaissance - Essay Example Following his call for racial pride, a movement called the United Negro Improvement Association was formed, turning most Blacks into adopting the socialist and communist social practices (Gifford 2). The movement preceded a united front of African Americans from all social and economic points unwilling to settle for further oppressions. This rebellion received unprecedented publishing job opportunities among the African Americans. Activists like W. E. B. Du Bois used this opportunities to influence and motivate the people into racial consciousness and pride. Harlem Renaissance’s artistic output had two ideologies; one presented by Du Bois and others who saw artistic art as a platform where talented African Americans could lead in the fight for equality (Gifford 4). Du Bois contributed heavily towards the organization of the Niagara Movement, an assembly of black leaders opposed to the Washingtons leadership and was committed to fighting for civil equality for African Americans. This movement, however, never achieved a firm institutional foundation except for that it signaled a new black assertiveness and contributing directly to the establishment of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Du Bois moved to New York City where he took office as the director of publicity for NAACP his role being to edit its monthly journal, ‘The Crisis’ (Gifford 3). Organized economic and political movements helped the Harlem Renaissance by creating a new sense of power (Gifford 4). In his work The New Negro, Du Bois exudes a sense of social pride that was the theme in the Harlem Renaissance. Du Bois emphasizes the need for a united race in conquering discrimination. Using his artistic wits and social privileges, Du Bois provided a liberating step in the search for Africa American cultural identity and on their terms. Using Negro Art, he argued that

Global Operations Management of Wal-Mart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Global Operations Management of Wal-Mart - Essay Example The paper tells that global supply chain management focuses on the process of planning and optimizing the different international and local processes of procurement, production, and distribution. In order to manage the global or international supply chain in effective and efficient manner, it is required to integrate all supply chain partners in the overall process. Wal-Mart is operating in the industry of international retailing for a couple of years. The company has been in the business of providing different products and goods to the end consumers all over the world. Wal-Mart is known to be one of the largest retail organization in the global industry. Apart from different physical superstores and hypermarkets, Wal-Mart has also entered into the industry or electronic commerce by offering products through online retail stores. Wal-Mart has been able to create the competitive edge in the industry on the basis of considerably low prices. And for this, it has used efficient and effec tive supply chain strategies to increase the responsiveness of the global supply chain and at the same time increase the overall efficiency of the supply chain. Wal-Mart has been able to integrate different stages and partners of the supply chain together with the help of different technological systems like Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. The supply chain of Wal-Mart is more complicated because of the fact that it has to integrate different manufacturers in the whole process. For example, the let's consider the example of a simple detergent provided by the company. Production is about producing and manufacturing different products and goods. In reference to Wal-Mart, the main function of production is handled by different manufacturers and Wal-Mart focuses on the process of making these products

Social Movements Essay Example for Free

Social Movements Essay All societies undergo changes. In some cases these may be gradual, i.e., spread over a long period of time. In others they may be rapid. Social change, as we know by now, does not take place merely by chance or due to some factors predetermined by fate. There are several forces operating simultaneously in society, which bring about change. Some of these may be external to social institutions. Changes caused by a change in the economy or the production relations are one such instance. At the same time, there are change- producing agents inside a society as well. Social movements are one of these internal forces, which contribute to changes. A social movement is defined as â€Å"sustained collective action† over time. * Such action is often directed against the state and takes the form of demanding changes in state policy or practice. * Such collective action is often marked by organisation. Spontaneous, disorganised protest cannot be called a social movement. * This organisation may include a leadership and a structure that defines how the members relate to one another, make decisions and carry them out. Those participating in a social movement have shared objectives and ideologies. * The social movements are designed to promote change or resist change in the society in which the attempt is made. So collective attempt may be to alter, inaugurate, supplant, restore or reinstate all or some aspects of the social order. In the recent literature, a distinction is often made between old and new social movements. This distinction is often stipulated on the ground that while old social movements are generally class-based and concerned with issues of economic redistribution, the new social movements (NSMs) are commonly a feature of post-industrial or â€Å"postmodern† societies. They are not narrowly caste based and generally raise questions like ecological protection and climate change or hitherto neglected issues of gender, justice, sexuality etc. However this distinction is neither precise nor universally valid. Old social movements were class based such as working class movements and peasant movements or anti-colonial movements. NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS (NSMs) New social movements are the products of a post-industrial social formation where the welfare state had made classic forms of exploitation and deprivation obsolete but where modern society created new forms of alienation. These movements demonstrated that class had become redundant as organising form of social identity and action. Some of the recent movements particularly in and after the 1960s in Europe such as peace movement, ecological movement, women’s movement etc. are called ‘new’ social movement. In India, enormous increase of middle class and in student population as well as a surge of political activism in the 1970s and 1980s engendered a new phenomenon, described as new social movements. These movements revolve around the issue of identity – dalit, adivasi, women, human rights, environment etc. They are called ‘new’ social movements because they have raised the issues related to identity and autonomy which are non-class issues and do not confront with the state. Issues that animate NSMs are less concerned with economic production and redistribution than with removal of corruption, protection of environment, provision of civic utilities, gender equality and child rights, employment , rights of the most vulnerable and marginalised section of population like those living in hilly and forest areas and victims of big dams. Good governance and human rights generally are other areas where NSMs are much in evidence. Characteristics of New Social Movements are described below: 1. The New Social Movements (NSM) are not directing their collective action to state power. They are concerned with individual and collective morality. Individual membership or participation and motivation in all sorts of social movements contain a strong moral component and defensive concern with justice in the social and world order. These movements are primarily social and are more concerned with cultural sphere and mobilisation of civil society on socio-cultural issues than with the political issues like seizure of power. 2. The new social movements are not class–based. They are multi-class. In fact, they do not subscribe to the theory that society is divided on class line and the classes are antagonistic. The new social movements are either ethnic or nationalist and plural. Women’s movement is an example. NSMs are not concerned for the benefit of one class or group. They are concerned for the good of every one irrespective of class. 3. The new social movements are confined to and concerned with civil society. NSMs raise the issue of the ‘self-defence’ of the community and society against the increasing expansion of the state apparatuses: agencies of surveillance and social control. 4. NSMs are not around economic issues of land, wages or property. They are primarily concerned with self- identity and autonomy of an individual and community against the state, market and social institutions. Therefore, dalit movement for dignity and adivasis movement for their autonomy are treated as NSM. 5. These movements tend to focus on single issues, transient questions, regional and local issues and even sectional interests (which are aimed towards narrow identities than larger objective interests) for this reason they are often called â€Å"micro movements†. they catch on the long felt needs of locals and masses at the disempowered grassroots in the top heavy political and economic systems of India. 6. NSM organisations tend to be segmented, diffuse and decentralised. 7. New social movements tend to focus on issues that cross national boundaries, and hence they become internationalist. Environmental movements, LGBT Movement are examples of NSMs that transcend international borders. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and New Social Movements on the national and Global planes have flourished as never before. Various New social Movements in India Environmental Movement The Indian environmental movement is critical of the colonial model of development pursued by the post–colonial state. The post–independent state failed to build up a development agenda based on the needs of the people and continued to advocate the modern capitalist agenda which led to the destruction of environment, poverty and marginalisation of rural communities. The environmental movement in India advocated the ideology of ‘environmentalism of the poor’. It not only critised modern developmentalism but also strongly advocated the revival of traditional ‘self –sufficient village economy’. The environmentalist stated that local communities were best suited to conserve natural resources as their survival depended in the sustainable use of such resources. A significant characteristic of environmental movements in India is that they have mainly involved the women, the poor and disadvantaged masses who have been directly affected by or are victims of environmental degradation. Thus, these movements are primarily political expressions of the struggle of local communities and people who are victims of environmental degradation or abuse of resources. The origin of modern environmentalism and environmental movements in India can be ascribed to the Chipko movement in the central Himalayan region. Chipko as a spontaneous movement started in the early 70s and got organized under the able leadership of Sunderlal Bahuguna. It was ignited by the opposition of the people of the Tehri-Garhwal region to the felling of trees by outside contractors. In the Himalayan regions, forests form an indispensable source of livelihood for the tribal population living there. Chipko literally means ‘hugging’ the trees. The movement articulated the concerns of forest-based communities such as depletion of forests, erosion of soil and consequent landslides, drying up of local streams and other water resources and shortages of fuel and fodder for domestic consumption. It also fought against the construction of the Tehri dam which threatened the eviction of around 25,000 hilly residents. Though the movement has not succeeded in all its endeavours, it has achieved some commendable victories. Getting ban on felling trees above an altitude of 1000m and forcing the government to announce certain forest areas as protected regions are some of the successes of the movement. Chipko, being a non-violent resistance movement, embodies the Gandhian spirit of struggle. Chipko movement inspired green cover movements elsewhere in the country, the most important being the Appiko movement in the Western Ghats against the over-felling of trees and covering forest lands with commercial trees replacing the natural ones. Like the Chipko, the Appiko movement revived the Gandhian way of protest and mobilisation for sustainable society in which there is a balance between man and nature. The other popular movements of importance in India, which have environmental protection as one of their objectives, relate to major dams. Notable among them are Tehri Dam, Silent Valley Project and Narmada Valley Projects. In fact, the most popular movement in the environmental history of India is the movement against the Narmada River Valley Project called Narmada Bachao Andolan. Though the movement started as early as late 1970s, along with the clearance of the project, it received momentum only during late 1980s. To start with, this movement was cantered around the issue of human rights. Due to improper implementation of the rehabilitation programmes by the State the human rights activists have become the articulators of anti-dam protests. Their demands included complete stopping of the dam, resettlement and rehabilitation benefits to the oustees. These demands were aptly supported by environmentalists who oppose construction of large dams for ecological reasons. The movement, however, gained wider public attention with mobilization and organization of oustees (mostly tribals ) and the joining of the eminent social workers like Baba Amte, Sunderlal Bahuguna and Medha Patkar. Though its wider public attention is due to its coverage (impact) in three states, the most notable feature of this movement is the international support it has received. The campaign forced international financial agencies like World Bank and USAID to withdraw funding for the project. While this Gandhian movement could not stop the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Dam, it did force the states concerned- Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh- to address the issue of rehabilitation of the displaced more seriously than before. Thus environmental and ecological movements became prominent in India since the 1970s.The issues raised by them concern all sections of society in varying degrees. These issues are also related to people’s dignity, environmental rights and their decision-making rights on the issues concerning them. Women’s Movement Throughout the period after independence the prevailing view was that development, industrialization and economic growth would deliver the results as they had been seen elsewhere in the developed world; all would be beneficiaries of development, women included. This soon proved not to hold true in the Indian society. A report from the Committee on the Status of Women in India released in 1974 showed that not only had the conditions for women in India not improved, for many women, especially the poor, the conditions had worsened. Gender differences had become greater in political participation, education, health and employment. The 1970s and 1980s witnessed the growth of numerous women’s groups that took up issues such as dowry deaths, bride burning, rape and sati and focused on violence against women. They stressed the sexual oppression of women in a way previous reform or feminist groups had never done. Some of the earliest autonomous women’s groups were the Progressive Organization of Women (POW, Hyderabad), the Forum Against Rape (now redefined as Forum Against Oppression of Women), Stree Sangharsh and Samata (Delhi). Among the first campaigns that women’s groups took up was the struggle against rape in 1980. This was triggered by the judgment of the Supreme Court to acquit two policemen who were accused of raping a minor tribal girl, Mathura, despite the fact that the High Court had indicted them. This led to country- wide demonstrations. Several other rape cases became part of this campaign that culminated after several years of protest in Government agreeing to change the existing rape law. The amended law was enacted in 1983 after long discussions with women’s groups. The POW in Hyderabad organized new and fresh protests against dowry. In the late 1970s, Delhi became the focus of the movement against dowry and the violence inflicted on women in the marital home. Groups, which took up the campaign, included ‘Stree Sangharsh’ and ‘Mahila Dakshita Samiti’. Later, a joint front called the ‘Dahej Virodhi Chetna Mandal’ (organization for creating consciousness against dowry) was formed under whose umbrella a large number of organizations worked. The anti-dowry campaign attempted to bring social pressure to bear on offenders so that they would be isolated in the community in which they lived. Women’s organizations also succeeded in getting the dowry law changed. There were several campaigns in the eighties relating to women’s rights. Among them was a campaign, in 1985, in support of the Supreme Court judgment in the divorce case where Shah Bano, a Muslim woman, had petitioned the Court for maintenance from her husband under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Act and the Court granted her demand. The orthodox Muslims, however, protested against interference with their personal law. In 1986, the government introduced the Muslim Women’s (Protection of Rights in Divorce) Bill denying Muslim women redress under Section 125. Women’s associations protested against this outside Parliament. The Committee of the Status of Women also stated in its report that seats should be reserved for women in municipalities, and proposed that panchayats should include women to secure a minimum percentage of female participation. In 1993 this was adopted nationally when the Constitution Act 1992 (73rd Amendment) and The Constitution Act 1992 (74th Amendment) were passed, relating reservations for women to panchayats and municipalities. One-third of seats in all panchayats and municipalities nationwide, as well as one-third of the position of being chairpersons in the bodies, were reserved for women .The reservations acts were passed without any opposition in the Parliament, and with only a minor debate. However, the bill on Women’s reservation in Parliament has not yet been passed. Over the years it has become clear that changing laws alone means little unless there is a will to implement them and unless there is education and literacy which makes women aware of their rights and allows them to exercise them effectively. It was this realization that has led the women’s movement to take up, in a more concerted manner, programmes of legal literacy and education, gender sensitization of textbooks and media. The issues today are sexual harassment at the work place, the violence of development, caste and communal violence, lobbying for increased political participation of women in the highest levels of decision-making, etc. The success of the women’s movement has not been in the number of women appointed to office or in the number of laws passed but in the fact that it has brought about a new consciousness on the entire question of women in Indian society.

Black Bart :: essays research papers

Black Bart On August 3 of 1877, a stage was making its way over the low hills between Point Arenas and Duncan’s Mills on the Russian River when a lone figure suddenly appeared in the middle of the road. Wearing a duster and a mask made from a flour sack, the bandit pointed a double- barreled shotgun at the driver and said, " Throw down the box!" "I’ve labored long and hard for bread, For honor and for riches, But on my corns too long you’ve tred You fine-haired sons of bitches." When the posse arrived later, all they found was a waybill with the above verse painstakingly written on its back, each line in a different hand. Almost a year later, on July 25 of 1878, the PO8 struck again. A stage from Quincy to Oroville slowed to make a difficult turn a long the Feather River, the masked man stepped out of the bushes and asked that the box be thrown down. His soils included $379 in coins, a silver watch, and a diamond ring. Once again, when the posse reached the scene, all they found was a poem: "Here I lay me down to sleep To wait the coming morrow, Perhaps success, perhaps defeat, And everlasting sorrow. Let come what will I’ll try it on, My condition can’t be worse; And if there’s money in that box ‘Tis munny in my purse!" Once again the lines were written in varying hands and the work signed "Black Bart, the PO8." In order to make the highways safe once again, Governor William Irwin posted a $300 reward for the capture of the bandit, to which Wells Fargo & Co. added another $300. Another $20 contributed by the postal authorities. The reward went unclaimed for five years, during which Black Bart seemingly robbed at will. Often laying low for several months, Bart would suddenly go on a spree and rob three or four stages in as many weeks, and then vanish without a trace. Black Bart’s talent for covering great distances on foot in impossibly short times was no doubt a great asset in his life as a highwayman. In another, and it turned out to be his last, stage robbery McConnell (the stage driver) turned his head to find the muzzle of a double-barreled shotgun looking at him. You see, Bart knew that this stage was carrying gold coins and gold amalgam with it. What Bart didn’t know is that in the woods following the stage was a young hunter that had gotten off a few miles back to do some hunting.

Htc Introduction Essay

HTC quickly emerged on the smartphone scene with the remarkable success of The Sense, one of its first models, and broke many industry sales records. People were asking, â€Å"Who is HTC? † Our research indicates that HTC’s rapid rise to success was because of innovation and technological capabilities. Even though the HTC brand was not widely recognized, its smartphones were generating interest. In our primary research, we discovered that some people owned an HTC phone but did not know that HTC was the manufacturer. Obviously, brand awareness was relatively low. For HTC to stay relevant in the hypercompetitive smartphone industry, it needs serious revamping of its marketing plan. With smartphone market penetration increasing to more than 20 percent in the past five years and reaching 46. 8 percent in Q3 2011, HTC has tremendous opportunities to establish a solid market position. After examining the market conditions and current HTC performance in the U. S. , our team proposes that HTC position itself as a technological leader by targeting consumers ages 18 to 34. This promising segment has potential sales of $2. 5 million. We analyzed the industry and examined external factors that could impact HTC’s bottom line. This analysis gave us crucial insight into the smartphone market. We also analyzed the competitive environment that includes Apple, Motorola, and RIM (Blackberry). HTC, which has a positive reputation on the merits of its technology, needs to boldly differentiate itself in the marketplace. Through market analysis, we discovered that HTC has a strong market size, market potential, and distinct target markets. We recommend that HTC take specific steps through segmenting, targeting, and positioning to execute its marketing plan. We are confident that our plan can increase HTC’s market share by 2 percent each year. By the end of 2012, our marketing objective is to reach a 24 percent market share of the smartphone industry, which equals 18. 7 million HTC customers. The plan includes recommendations and precautions at distribution channels so that HTC differentiates itself from the other brands. We developed a budget for the marketing plan and devised procedures to monitor each effort in order to reach our projected market share increase. We are confident that our marketing plan can take HTC from an emerging brand to a dominant market leader.