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Are Children Really Talented or They are Influenced by...

The thesis I will be trying to develop an answer to is the following: Are children really talented in certain skills or are they influenced in directions guided by their parents’ interest and opinions? So I will be trying to prove that skills are developed ever after birth and that the influence of parents on this process is the largest. The two main arguments to prove this claim will be given and further explained below, accompanied by relevant counterarguments. The first argument I will be using is that every new born child has the exact same level of talent, and skills are thus developed completely after birth. Supporting this argument are the findings of Sloboda et al. (1996), who studied the difference in ease of learning between successful young musicians and other children by comparing the amount of practice time and the progress towards successive grades. They found no significant evidence that supported the presence of inborn talent since the only difference in progress could have been declared by the difference in amount of time practicing. Furthermore research has shown that â€Å"untalented†, regular adults can achieve exceptionally high levels of performance in certain skills that exceeded all researchers’ expectations. Bennett (1983) researched the memory capacity of a waitress and compared this to a control group made of university students. The waitress’ memory was considerably better compared to the contr ol group so Bennet (1983), and Ericsson Polson (1988)Show MoreRelatedThe Love Of Fear By Robert Lawrence Stine1275 Words   |  6 Pages and evolving the craft of the story telling by his use of cliffhangers at the end of his books. Therefore, Stine is one of the most well known children s American authors. Stine’s life as a child really influenced his writing, which is why he based his writings on his personal experiences. Stine was born in Columbus, Ohio in 1943 (Stine). His parents are Anne Stine, a homemaker and Lewis Stine, a shipping clerk. He has two other siblings as well. Unfortunately, Stine grew up in poverty, whichRead MoreThe Influences On Academic Self Efficacy1009 Words   |  5 Pagesresponses (Bandura, 1993). However, what really influences self-efficacy? Taking a deeper look at a few other critical influences which include; family members, peers, and school environments. When a person is born one of the main influences in that child’s development phase is its family and home environments. From the time the child is born till about the age of five years old that child’s primary environment is at home or at some type of day care. Parents who offer an environment that motivatesRead MoreAsian American Stereotype1112 Words   |  5 Pageswho score highest in math and also outstanding in science, but falls behind in SAT verbal skills. Asian parents and American parents have different views when their child is not doing so well in school. American parents will believe that it is the child’s teacher or school’s fault while Asian parents believe it is because their child is not trying hard enough. Asian parents expect their children to study hard and focus on their education so that they will reach success. One reason to why Asians areRead MoreEssay about Steven Spielbergs Life and Accomplishments1187 Words   |  5 Pagesth e most gifted, talented and successful director of all times. He started out with small single movies at first, and after catching people’s attention he started to develop methods in his own movies. He has years of experience in the film industry, and all of his films are well known and popular to this very day. He has received many winning awards for his movies, and was also nominated for best director. This director started at a young age, and has become one of the most talented directors todayRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology : Psychology And Psychology1105 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment to evaluate and treat children with developmental disabilities. There are many that are employed in the medical facilities, such as hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and community centers, which include the homeless population. In addition to the traditional workplace they might also work in children’s museums or toy companies, consulting how different toys assist children to mee t developmental goals, and to communicate on the type of toys that interest children the most. The average salaryRead MoreGovernment Intervention And The Internet1094 Words   |  5 Pagesof the reasons behind anyone that may argue in favor of government intervention is the added protection to our private information from criminals (Jason H.), and the vast amounts of explicit adult media that can be accessed by anyone, especially children. What many may not know is that these problems can be handled by the people. Many popular social and banking sites have effective countermeasures to protect the privacy of their users. Although these security systems are robust, the user should beRead MoreMy Influence Of My Musical Personality1390 Words   |  6 Pageshelped shape my life as it is today. Even though I am not a talented musician and have never played an instrument, I still enjoy music and respect those who can play it at the highest level. My musical personality is influenced by a variety of factors including my parents, school experiences, social media, and mobile technology. Attending church provided me with my earliest exposure to music. We are of the Catholic faith and my parents were very strict about our family attending mass every SundayRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology And Personality Psychology1050 Words   |  5 Pagesuniversity level requires a PhD. The work setting varies for developmental psychologist. Some might work in the field of higher education, research and in teaching positions. There are many that are employed by the government to evaluate and treat children with developmental disabilities. Many are employed in medical facilities, such as hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and community centers. The homeless population is also included. In addition to traditional workplaces, they might also work in children’sRead MoreMy Virtual Teen1193 Words   |  5 Pagesprogram I had a teen daughter, she was very outgoing and social. She enjoyed trying new things and was very involved in school. She also did well academically, and was part of the gifted program at her school. She lives with both her biological parents and a younger sister. Her relationship with her sister was like any sister relationship, they had little arguments once in a while but where are able to easily resolve on their own. As she transitioned to her teen years, she went through many stagesRead MoreDr. Seuss Research Paper2250 Words   |  9 Pageswere not enough to stop the very talented â€Å"Dr. Seuss†. Geisel showed many that there were no boundaries to the imagination. Because of the hardships he had to overcome, the impact he left on young children, and the criticism he received from others, Theodor Seuss Geisel will always be remembered as the author, â€Å"Dr. Seuss, a man with a limitless imagination†. Both his mother and father played a big part in helping Geisel become who he was. From a young age his parents were able to see that he had

Reframing Organizations in Political Leadership †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Reframing Organizations in Political Leadership. Answer: Introduction: Currently in the global economy that is complex in nature, the organizations along with the government are shifting their methods to a better model of management of the projects so that they can be successful in their endeavors with respect to products and services. The leaders who are assigned the projects continues to work like a manager where they check the daily activities and keeps in mind the budget of the project, which cannot be exceeded along with the quality of work that is being provided and time constraints (Nahavandi, 2016). Apart from these things, the changes that are being done have to be managed in a proper manner so that the resources that are available for the project can be used efficiently. The relationship with the internal and the external stakeholders has to be maintained in a proper way so that the information can be passed on in a precise manner. The vision of the leader has to be aligned with the project so that it can help them in finishing the work within the stipulated time along with the degree of honesty and integrity with which the work is done. This will help the work to be completed in an efficient and a faster manner (Bolman Deal, 2017). The leaders within the organization play an important role in building effective teams so that their activities can be collaborated, which will motivate them in performing in an efficient manner. The building up of the team is a daily activity, which involves one of the primary responsibilities of the leaders to link the employees with the goals and objectives of the company. This will help in motivating the employees in serving the company with the best possible interest (Sledge, 2016). The situational style of leadership helps the leaders in adapting their own styles within the organization so that it can help them in dealing with the different situations. They are at a better position in analyzing the level of competence that is required among the employees so that the task can be completed in an efficient manner. This style of leadership is different from the other styles, as it lets the leaders to adapt and change according to the various situations that may occur within the organization at different time (Ziegler Ramage, 2013). The situational style of leadership is based on primarily three concepts such as the guidance and the direction that the leader provides so that the task can be handled in a better way, the emotional support that they provide to the team members during the ongoing process of the task and the level of maturity that is shown by the team mates towards the task. It enables the leaders is identifying the tasks so that the goals can be set properly, which will help in completion of the task in an organized manner. This style of leadership benefits the leaders, as they can deal with various situations with the help of different people, which will help in creating an innovative approach for the leaders (Hooper, 2017). Another style of leadership is known as the transactional process of leadership, which helps in establishing a relationship between the subordinates and the leaders based on the exchanges of pleasantries. This style is mainly associated with the factors such as rewards and punishments, which is based on the performances of the team members. The members of the team are rewarded when they are able to achieve more than their target so that it can help them in earning recognition within the organization where as the under achievers are punished as well (Joullie Spillane, 2015). This leadership theory acts up on a preconceived command, which has already been defined in a clear manner, as the team members will be successful if they are under the guidance of the leaders and follow their instructions clearly. The leaders pre-design a set of rules and regulations, which needs to be followed by the team members so that they can be successful in their endeavors. The major drawback for this style is that the innovation and creativity that can be presented within the work place is limited and the members of the team start to lose their individual identity, which influences their level of motivation in a negative manner within the organization (Haller Hogg, 2014). The transformational style of leadership helps the leaders in giving some power to the team members so that they can also feel inspired while working within the organization. it helps the employees in exercising the empowerment that is related to staffs, which further helps in achieving high level of performance due to the increased levels of motivation. The leaders basically are considered as the role models within the organization by the members, as they display better values, which help them in gaining the respect from the members (Antonakis, 2017). This leadership style helps in communicating the vision of the organization so that it can create a sense of urgency among the team members. The goals that are of longer duration is not compromised with the principles and values that are taken up in completion of the projects within the organization. This style of leadership also takes the level of innovation and creativity in to consideration, which helps in stimulating the intellect of the team members. It has a positive influence on the members of the team, as they are highly motivated and tries to achieve the outcome through team work and cooperation from each other. This helps the leaders in making sure that their team meets the goals of the organization, which also helps them in getting benefitted (Hooper, 2017). Thus, it can be said that the style of leadership that is followed in a particular organization helps the leaders in exercising their power to control the team members so that they can achieve the goals of the company by being under their guidance. The leaders can exercise their power in a positive manner, which will be beneficial for the organization as well, as the output will increase to a large extent. Reference List Antonakis, J. (2017).The nature of leadership. Sage publications. Bolman, L. G., Deal, T. E. (2017).Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Haller, J., Hogg, M. A. (2014). All power to our great leader: Political leadership under uncertainty.J.-W. van Prooijen PAM van Lange (Eds.), Power, politics, and paranoia: Why people are suspicious of their leaders, 130-149. Hooper, A. (Ed.). (2017).Leadership perspectives. Routledge. Joulli, J. E., Spillane, R. (2015).Philosophy of leadership: the power of authority. Springer. Nahavandi, A. (2016).The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Sledge, C. L. (2016).Influence, Power, And Authority: Using Millennials' Views To Shape Leadership Practices. Air War College, Air University Maxwell AFB United States. Ziegler, W. T., Ramage, D. E. (2013). Taking a risk: Sharing leadership and power.The Education Digest,78(5), 45.

USA-Mexico Border Wall free essay sample

Immigrants founded the United States of America and ever since then there have been people from all over the world coming to America for a chance at a better life for themselves and their families. Immigrants from all over the world come, some legally and some illegally. A majority of these immigrants come from southern-border country Mexico. Everyday, the United States has hundreds of illegal immigrants come into the country. They cross over from the Rio Grande into Texas; they cross over into Arizona, New Mexico, and California. With all of the problems that the United States is facing from illegal immigration, maybe it is time that the American government should have a stronger form of border control. For years there has been talk of a stronger border and in some cases there has been action. However, with the opinions in favor of a stronger border security, such as a border wall, there are also strong opinions against the idea. We will write a custom essay sample on USA-Mexico Border Wall or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A border wall would help the United States with security issues; it might also slow down the number of immigrants coming across the border every year. The fact is that something must be done to slow down illegal immigration before this country becomes over populated. Illegal immigrants are taking jobs away from American citizens, who at this moment during the recession need those jobs more than ever. The United States government must take action; a border wall needs to be placed along the border for the safety of the American people. As of May 2006 there are an estimated 12 million illegal immigrants living in the United States. These people should not be here, and the number of illegal immigrants continues to grow. The amount of illegal immigrants will get bigger and bigger every year unless the United States sets up some kind of border wall. In 2006 President George W. Bush signed the Secure Fence Act, this document authorized the building of a 700-mile fence to be right along the United States-Mexican border. At the time, Mexican President Vicente Fox â€Å"described the plan as ‘shameful’ saying that it demonstrated ‘the United States government’s inability to understand the migration problem in an integrated way’† (Xinhua 1). President Fox and the Mexican government do not want to stop illegal immigration because it helps their country to prosper. Majority of the illegal immigrants send money back to help their families that have been left behind in Mexico. On a trip to Salt Lake City, Utah in 2006 President Fox said, â€Å"Immigration is the most pressing challenge to the relationship between his country and the United States†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Vergakis 1). It is a very strong pressing issue between these two nations however, Mexico does not seem to want to fix the illegal immigration problem. Every time some solution is put into place the European Union and Mexico vote to keep it from happening. For example: â€Å"The Mexico-European Union Joint Parliamentary Commission has denounced the construction of a wall along the border by the United States†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (BBC 1). If Mexico is not willing to help find a solution then how can these countries ever resolve the issue? â€Å"Since the beginning of my administration, the government of Mexico has promoted the establishment of a new system that regulates the movement of people across our border in a manner which is legal, safe and orderly,† Fox told the Utah Legislature (Vergakis 1). Vicente Fox became the Mexican President in December of 2000 and his Mexican government has not done anything to help stop or even remotely stop illegal immigration. The illegal immigration numbers in the United States grew by an average of 525,000 people per year from 2000 to 2005. President Fox and his government have allowed the illegal immigration population to increase every year, for at least five years. That is not a system that regulates movement in a legal way. Fox has stated before that he would like to see â€Å"legal channels† for immigrants (Thompson 1). Everyone wants to have legal channels for immigrants and President Fox has expressed it many times, but he does not seem to want to take the necessary action towards getting these legal channels for immigrants. Should there be legal channels or should there be stronger laws against immigration. W. E. Jacobs writes that during the 1920s â€Å"laws to control immigration have ranged from outright bans to some nationalities to numerical quotas imposed according to country origin† (Jacobs 1). At least during the 1920s the American government seemed to have some sort of idea on how to keep illegal immigration down. Although laws and bans can only go so far. Maybe during the 20s all it took was a written document to keep immigrants at bay, but now the situation has grown slightly more complicated. The situation gets even worse as the United States’ population grows. A census is taken every ten years, and that census does not include all of the illegal immigrants. â€Å"Estimates of the number of people living in the United States illegally range up to 20 million, although the figure most often cited is 12 million. The fact that these immigrants are not officially registered makes it impossible to have a precise number† (Jacobs 3). Twenty million people here in the United States illegally, people that are not even registered in the United States. If these people are not registered, what does the government actually know about them? This leaves a lot of room for security problems such as terrorists and drug traffickers. â€Å"Ethnic criminal gangs and illegal drug smuggling is evidence that the new immigrants pose a threat to the security of the United States. The prospect of terrorists could easily enter the United States from Mexico is also cited as a reason to clamp down on immigration† (Jacobs 3). The United States of America is currently fighting over seas in the â€Å"War on Terrorism†; this war has been going on for seven years and is a reason that the government is trying to focus on illegal immigration more closely. Micah Issitt states that, â€Å"The issue of illegal immigration came to the forefront of politics again after the 2001 terrorist attacks on the US, and Congress began seriously debating funding a border fence† (Issitt 2). A border wall would help to protect the country and her citizens. The government does not want to stop immigrants from coming over into the United States; they just want to see it done in a more secure way. Nobody wants to have another September 11, 2001 anywhere in the world, and the US is trying to protect her borders from terrorists coming in through the US-Mexican border as the illegal immigrants do. Ginger Thompson shows that with all of the disagreement coming from Mexico about a border wall, there has been some agreement. Some people in Mexico are stating that â€Å"another view is gaining traction: that good fences can make good neighbors† (Thompson 1). President Fox may object to having a border wall, but some Mexican people do not. The people may know what they are talking about, and if they do not view a border wall, as an offensive gesture then why should the President. â€Å"Several immigration experts have even begun floating the idea that real walls, not the porous ones that stand today, could be more an opportunity than an attack† (Thompson 1). If immigration experts can make the adjustment that perhaps a border wall would be a better idea than a wrong one, maybe the United States and Mexico should agree to have a strong border wall built. If good fences really do tend to make good neighbors then why should there not be a border wall? The United States and Mexico get along peacefully, as allies and neighbors. Both countries try to help the other out when necessary, so why can they not agree to do something about the illegal immigration problem. Some object to the mere idea of a wall, as if it were somehow insulting to enforce our own laws. No one objects to the walls we put on our houses, or to the fences we build between our neighbors, or even considers it insulting to put locks on doors. A wall does not mean no one will ever be let into the country; it simply a matter of wanting to be aware of who is coming immigrating into our country, and being able to control that immigration (Rich 1). If immigration can be controlled, then the United States government may feel a little safer about knowing how many illegal immigrants are in the US. Having a border wall would allow the US to keep closer tabs on the illegal immigrants coming into the country, and that would give a certain sense of security. There have been walls throughout history that have been used in a protective manner, which is exactly what the United States wants to do, protect herself. History shows that some of the greatest walls ever made have been put into place for protection. According to Sally Driscoll border walls have been used all over the world for protection. For example: the Great Wall of China built during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). The Great Wall was used to prevent attacks from rival forces. The Roman Emperor Hadrian (76-138 CE) had a stone wall built in 122 CE to protect the very vulnerable Britain. The wall stretched through Britain nearly 73 miles (2). If these walls were used for protection and no one appeared to have made a huge ordeal about it, then why can’t the United States have a border wall with Mexico? Some people say that a US-Mexican border wall would resemble the Berlin Wall. However, Alex K. Rich states, â€Å"the comparison is inapt. The Berlin wall was built to prevent citizens of East Germany from escaping oppressive communist rule. The US-Mexican border would be designed to prevent those who are not citizens of the US from coming in uninvited† (Rich 1). The Berlin wall was built in 1961to divide East and West Berlin, and later extended to divide all of Germany. This wall was put into place to keep East Germans from crossing over into the West. The East part of Germany was in control by the communists, because of this the people wanted to leave the communist rule. The East wanted to go to the West. The Communist government could not allow this, an d so the Berlin Wall was put into place. A border wall between the United States and Mexico would not be used in the same way was the Berlin Wall. It would be used to regulate the amount of immigrants, not to keep people out for good. The United States just wants to protect her borders and slow down the rapid rate of illegal immigration growth. President Fox has said, â€Å"Mexico wants to be part of the immigration solution, not the problem. † (Intelligence Wire 1). If Mexico wants to be part of the solution, then they should try by slowing down the illegal immigration rates into the US. â€Å"When solving the illegal immigration problem, we must consider its root causes: the lack of jobs in Mexico and the lack of penalties for hiring illegal immigrants in the US† (Rich 2). The United States government should take care of the hiring illegal immigrants, there should be stricter laws and a harsher penalty such as the removal of all illegal immigrant workers if one gets caught. That part should be left for the United States government. Now as for the lack of jobs in Mexico, that is not the United States problem. That is the Mexican government’s problem. The United States has nothing to do with the lack of jobs Mexico has, Mexico should be figuring out a way to get more jobs supplied for the Mexican people that way they do not continue to come to America in search of work. â€Å"As long as the border is permeable, the Mexican government will have no incentive to create more Mexican jobs, since anyone who wants a job can simply cross the border into the United States† (Rich 2). It would appear as though President Fox never had any intention of slowing down or stopping the immigration problem. All of the illegal immigrants are helping to boost Mexico’s economy. The immigrant workers send money back to their families in Mexico. This helps to stimulate the Mexican economy. The Mexican economy would fall into deeper trouble than it is in now without the help from the United States. If a border wall were put into place the Mexican economy would plummet and may not survive. This is the reason President Fox will not fully commit to having a strong scared of what will happen if the immigrants do not get to send their money home to Mexico. However, this is not the United States problem. This is a problem for the Mexican government. If Mexico cannot take care of her own people, then what is the point of them being considered their own country? A border wall must be put into place; this would force Mexico to worry about her own economy and to stop relying so heavily on the United States. If you want proof that border walls work: a wall was put up in Naco, Arizona and â€Å"the border patrol agents reported that the wall built there cut illegal immigration in half within a year† (Rich 1). Another example took place in 1990, when the United States had a 66-mile fence built from San Diego to the Pacific Ocean. â€Å"Illegal immigrants in the San Diego region declined sharply as a result of the fence†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Driscoll 3). The problem now is that when one regions illegal immigration rate drops another part of the United States goes up drastically. If we want to stop all of the illegal immigration numbers from rising, then action must be taken. A wall in San Diego and a wall in Arizona is not enough. There should be a strong border wall built along the entire 2,000-mile US-Mexican border. That will solve the problem. Illegal immigration has been a very serious problem in the United States for many years, and the best way to fix this problem is to take a serious stand and let the Mexican government help their people for a change. However, Mexico has become so dependent on the American jobs supplied to illegal immigrants that the government is not willing to do anything about it. The illegal immigrants are taking jobs from American citizens and sending the money back to Mexico for their families when the money is actually needed here for the American citizens and their families. The protection and security of the country is another reason why there should be a strong border wall between Mexico and the US. After what happened in September of 2001 the United States needs to take every precaution in trying to guarantee the safety of its citizens. The United States is responsible for taking care of her citizens not Mexico’s. As much as the Mexican government claims that it wants to help find a solution, they aren’t really doing anything to solve it. The Mexican government is not offering new jobs to Mexican citizens and they will continue that until they are forced to fix the problem. The only way to get Mexico to help her own citizens is to place a strong border wall all along the United States-Mexican border.

The 1975 by The 1975 free essay sample

For over ten years, four band mates in Manchester have been waiting for the right time, and generation to make their musical appearance. Since the age of 14, Matthew Healy (lead singer, guitarist) and his group of misfits, George Daniel (drummer), Adam Hann (guitarist), and Ross MacDonald (bass guitar) have been a band. Since the beginning, there has been a vision: their vision consisted of their own individual opinions and critiques. They knew what they wanted to be, and set out on the long, ten-year journey to perfect their dream. With such a unique style of synthetic pop and rock, they were slowly becoming a new indie style band. Being surrounded by the rap influence of the early 2000’s, they knew that their style of music would not be appreciated. As the popular style of music began to shift, the final touches on their debut album were being made. On September 2, 2013, the band’s debut album â€Å"The 1975† was released. We will write a custom essay sample on The 1975 by The 1975 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Matthew Healy’s comment on the final piece was, â€Å"It’s everything that I know and every single song on the album, at some point, has been the most important thing in my life. I’ve spent my adult life working towards this album. It is literally everything I am.† This album was as personal Matthew Healy and the band could get. Their hit single â€Å"Chocolate† took off in the UK shockingly dropping into the top 10. It did not take long before the name â€Å"The 1975† became a familiar one in the UK. Before too long a tour was set up for several different countries, featuring the United States in 2014. Matthew Healy’s accent can be heard in this single, as present in all of his songs, adding to the genre and feel for their music. Their debut album hints at the themes of lust, drugs, youth, individualism, and fear: all emotions felt by the teen youth today. Their debut album is an entrance into the life of Mathew Healy, George Daniels, Adam Hann, and Ross MacDonald. The overall sound and emotion depicted from all 16 songs can bring tears, love, happiness, and the feeling of eternal youth. It is a must listen to for all those music lovers who crave something unique and different. They are continuing to rise in popularity, selling out many shows in various countries. In another year the name â€Å"The 1975† will be a familiar one, I am sure.

Attraction and repulsion in The Yellow Wallpaper and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Example

Attraction and repulsion in The Yellow Wallpaper and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Example Attraction and repulsion in The Yellow Wallpaper and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Paper Attraction and repulsion in The Yellow Wallpaper and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Paper Essay Topic: Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Literature The Yellow Wallpaper In Jeff Greens work on Plutos philosophies, Green states that The potential for tension and conflict in [the] dual desires of the Soul can be equated with the basic psychological phenomenon of attraction and repulsion (Green 5-6). The dynamic of attraction and repulsion in representations of the abnormal can be explored in both Robert Louis Stevensons The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and Charlotte Perkins Gilmans The Yellow Wallpaper. In both of these texts, the principal characters experience clashing feelings of attraction and repulsion to what the reader would view as being abnormal. For instance, in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Jekyll cannot help but feel intrigued by the exciting, dangerous life and character of Mr Hyde and in The Yellow Wallpaper the unnamed narrator1 similarly becomes fascinated by the figure she can see behind the wallpaper. It can be argued that both Jekyll and the Narrator feel attracted to the abnormal whilst the people around them feel repulsed by it. The Jekyll-Hyde dynamic in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde may represent the dual desires of the human soul. Freud believed that the human mind is strongly influenced by thoughts and desires which we are not able to control and these impulses are often conveyed in our dreams. It is therefore possible to interpret the character of Hyde as Jekylls subconscious desire to be freed from his societys restraints. This subconscious desire of Jekylls is viewed by the characters around him as deviant and revolting. Although Jekyll also feels repulsed by Hydes grotesque and animalistic nature, he finds it impossible to curb his need to experience the life of a savage, uncivilised monster. Similarly, the Narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper experiences a conflict of emotions towards the wallpaper. It is clear to see that the Narrator takes an instant disliking to the wallpaper when she says, The colour is repellent, almost revolting; a smouldering unclean yellow (Perkins Gilman 4). However, she soon becomes fixated with searching for hidden meanings in the wallpaper. She believes that she can see a woman in the wallpaper who is struggling to break free and this seems to reflect the Narrators desire for freedom from the constraints placed on her by her husband and doctor. In The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde it is clear that Jekylls friends are repulsed by Mr Hyde from the outset. We can see this clearly in Enfields description of Hyde to Mr Utterson: He is not easy to describe. There is something wrong with his appearance; something displeasing, something down-right detestable. I never saw a man I so disliked, and yet I scarce know why. He must be deformed somewhere; he gives a strong feeling of deformity, although I couldnt specify the point. (Stevenson 12) Enfield states that although he detests the appearance and very being of Mr Hyde, he cannot articulate his reasons for feeling this way. It seems to be an instinctive reaction to this creature which symbolises everything that the prototype of a man living in Victorian society would not approve of. Although Jekyll is at first strongly attracted to the concept of a dual personality and having the freedom to rebel against society with anonymity, he too is soon repulsed by Mr Hyde when he realises the extent of his alter-egos corrupt nature: The powers of Hyde seem to have grown with the sickliness of Jekyll. And certainly the hate that now divided them was equal on each side. With Jekyll, it was a thing of vital instinct. He had now seen the full deformity of that creature that shared with him the phenomena of consciousness, and was co-heir with him to death [ ] he thought of Hyde, for all his energy of life, as of something not only hellish but inorganic. (Stevenson 74) Similarly to Hydes powers growing with the sickliness of Jekyll (Stevenson 74), as the Narrator of The Yellow Wallpaper continues to lose her sense of reality she too becomes more aware of her alter-ego, the woman she can see behind the wallpaper. However, she does not grow to hate this woman, but instead sees parallels between her own life of confinement and the female figures. As the Narrators madness deepens and progresses, she begins to see more women behind the paper. All of them appear to be lost in the torturing (Perkins Gilman 15) yellow pattern. With the appearance of more women, it seems that the Narrator now sees not only herself as being a victim of patriarchal standards of Victorian society, but in fact all women. Through her madness, the Narrator becomes repulsed by the restraints put upon women by society and instead becomes attracted to the abnormal idea of social rebellion. This echoes Jekylls initial rejection of ordinary Victorian life in favour of the adventures of Mr Hyde. As Jekylls friends are repulsed by the appearance of Mr Hyde, the Narrators husband is repulsed by the concept of sexual equality. Instead, he is a firm believer of men having complete control over their wives lives. He treats the Narrator like a child, referring to her as a little girl (Perkins Gilman 14) and choosing to place her in the nursery at the top of the house (Perkins Gilman 4). John undermines the seriousness of his wifes condition when he assures friends and relatives that there is really nothing the matter with [her] but temporary nervous depression a slight hysterical tendency (Perkins Gilman 1-2). We can see that John ignores his wifes suggestions for activities when the Narrator tells us that she has a scheduled prescription for each hour in the day and that John takes all care from [her] (Perkins Gilman 4). It is worth noting that the Narrator does not say that her husband takes care of her, but instead implies that he takes all control out of her hands. This proves that John thinks it natural for men to have power over women and it would therefore be possible to argue that men like John would have found the idea of the New Woman utterly abhorrent. In The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, we can see Jekylls initial attraction to unleashing his subconscious needs in a letter he writes to Mr Utterson which explains the repression of his egotistical desires which society would frown upon: The worst of my faults was a certain impatient gaiety of disposition, such as has made the happiness of many, but such as I found it hard to reconcile with my imperious desire to carry my head high, and wear a more than commonly grave countenance before the public. Hence it came about that I concealed my pleasures [ I stood already committed to a profound duplicity of life. (Stevenson 60) When reading the text closely, it is possible to state that Stevenson suggests that within everyones personality there lies a Mr Hyde, a character full of cravings which are not influenced by social beliefs and standards but are instead primitive and innate. When Jekyll admits to having repressed and unsatisfied desires, his confession leads the reader to realise that everyone is forced to hide certain cravings in order to remain socially acceptable: Many a man would have even blazoned such irregularities as I was guilty of; but from the high views that I had set before me, I regarded and hid them with an almost morbid sense of shame (Stevenson 60). Jekylls feelings towards suppressed desires and attractions are resonated by Lanyon when he admits he has since had reason to believe the cause [of his hatred of Mr Hyde] to lie much deeper in the nature of man (Stevenson 56). Both Utterson and Enfield can be classed as exemplary Victorian male figures, yet Stevensons insinuation that there is a secret Hyde-like character within these two men can be detected from the opening of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. The reader is told that Utterson had an approved tolerance of others; sometimes wondering, almost with envy, at the high pressure of spirits involved in their misdeeds (Stevenson 7). Despite disapproving of anti-social behaviour, at times Utterson feels jealous of those with an ability to rebel against convention. The reader can identify the Hyde-like aspect of Enfields personality when Hyde has trampled (Stevenson 9) over a young girl. Enfield wonders how best to punish Mr Hyde for this offence when he says, Killing being out of the question, we did the next best (Stevenson 10). It is possible to argue in that these men find Hyde repulsive because their subconscious mind is able to identify him instantly as the savage within. We could apply this theory of recognition in the subconscious to the character of John in The Yellow Wallpaper. Perhaps his disdain at the Narrators behaviour is due to a similar part of his personality which he hides from others by using his position of power over his wife. It is also possible to argue that the Narrators initial hatred of the wallpaper is due to a subconscious recognition of the woman she sees behind it as sharing her suppressed wishes. The Narrators attraction to the wallpaper quickly turns into an obsession and as she descends into madness she becomes more conscious of her subconscious desire for freedom. On the surface the Narrator accepts her husbands power over her. However, at the end of the novel she appears to be taking her frustration caused by her husband out on the wallpaper. She claims that the pattern slaps you in the face, knocks you down, and tramples upon you (Perkins Gilman 16), suggesting that she is forced to study the wallpaper and, like Jekyll, cannot control her attraction. By the end of the novel, the Narrators fixation with the woman she can see behind the wallpaper has grown to the extent that she believes herself to have also been trapped behind it. We can see this when she exclaims, Ive got out at last [ And Ive pulled off most of the paper, so you cant put me back! (Perkins Gilman 26) For the Narrator, her abnormal behaviour has given her a sense of freedom. Despite this, the frequent use of the word creeping (Perkins Gilman 24) throughout The Yellow Wallpaper suggests a fear of being caught and also gives the impression of submission. This shows that even though her subconscious desires are becoming apparent to her, the pressures of society are still controlling the way she views them and she realises that her feminist ideals are taboo. When John realises that his wife has undergone a stereotypically masculine task of destroying the wallpaper, he is instantly feminised by his overtly feminine reaction of fainting: Now why should that man have fainted? But he did, and right across my path by the wall, so that I had to creep over him every time! (Perkins Gilman 26) When John faints, the Narrator has at last gained power over her oppressive husband and the fact that she repetitively creeps over his body emphasises her new found authority. It also highlights Johns inability to control his wife who, though mad, is now mentally liberated. Over all, it is possible to state that in The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde and The Yellow Wallpaper, the abnormal was seen by Victorian society as a desire to rebel against traditional values. One could also argue that the dynamic of attraction and repulsion with regards to the abnormal is a complex and contradictory matter as the conscious mind which is influenced by external sources often suppresses subconscious wishes. Jeff Green explains in his work entitled Pluto that people often feel repelled by what they feel attracted to, because the attraction may directly threaten the existing nature of their reality (Green 45). At the end of The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Jekyll explains in his final letter to Utterson his beliefs in the division of the human personality: man is not truly one, but truly two. I say two, because the state of my own knowledge does not pass beyond that point [ ] It was on the moral side, and in my own person, that I learned to recognise the thorough and primitive duality of man; I saw that, of the two natures that contended in the field of my consciousness, even if I could rightly be said to be either, it was only because I was radically both [ It was the curse of mankind that these incongruent faggots were thus bound together. (Stevenson 61) Jekyll realises that through his experiments he has created a monster and has lost control of his life as Henry Jekyll as we find out that the potion he has been using only worked due to an impurity in the original salt. As he writes to Utterson, he accepts his fate to become Hyde permanently and he wonders, Will Hyde die upon the scaffold? Or will he find the courage to release himself at the last moment? (Stevenson 76). The tone of this concluding chapter of Stevensons novel is ominous with references to death and evil. The conclusion of The Yellow Wallpaper contrasts greatly with Stevensons ending as it is playful and almost comic. As the Narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper loses her sanity, her writing becomes more coherent and she seems to have found a form of self expression in her journal. The Narrator has found freedom after her battle with the conflicting forces of repulsion and attraction with regards to the wallpaper whereas Jekyll is doomed to remain forever as the evil half of his character, a punishment for his tampering with nature.

The Different Sources of Law in England and Wales Essay

The Different Sources of Law in England and Wales - Essay Example Judges create common law by delivering written judgments on the cases that have been brought before them. If magistrates’ courts across both Wales and England were to be allowed to follow and make their own precedents, this would have the effect of creating relatively huge variations in both the regional and local legal customs in the two countries (Gearey, Morrison and Jago, 2013). The common law works to ensure that the law remains common throughout the land. However, it is the responsibility of the House of Lords and the criminal division of the Court of Appeal to create legal precedents in relation to criminal matters affecting Wales and England. It is the decision that is made by these higher courts that works to bind the lower courts.  At times, new situations occur that are found to be entirely new in relation to common law. In such instances, courts in England and Wales can sometimes opt to look aboard at the decisions of the courts made in other commonwealth countri es in order to seek the necessary guidance or from them. This allows for common law systems to have a degree of flexibility and stability as they continue to look to each other for guidance (Gearey, Morrison and Jago, 2013).Statute Law and Common Law Interaction  Although the English legal system is primarily founded n common law, this does not necessarily mean that statutes are any less binding. In fact, the relationship between statute and common law is that that statute law codifies certain rules whereas the common law serves to provide clarification.